Four hundred-nanometer blue-violet light production by type-I noncritical phase-matching second-harmonic generation in Gd1−xRxCa4O(BO3)3 (R=Lu, Sc): Crystal growth and nonlinear characterization

Abstract The optical birefringence of Gd 1 − x R x Ca 4 O(BO 3 ) 3 (R = Lu or Sc) nonlinear crystals can be controlled by changing the compositional parameter x . Single crystals of Gd 1 − x R x Ca 4 O(BO 3 ) 3 with large size and good quality have been grown by Czochralski method. The chemical compositions of the grown crystals were determined and X-ray measurements have been carried out to characterize the structural changes with compositional parameter x . According to our assumptions, the obtained results demonstrate that the grown crystals convert the near-infrared radiation of 800 nm into blue-violet light (400 nm) by type-I noncritical phase-matching (NCPM) second-harmonic generation (SHG) processes along Y axis.