Structural and optical characterization of ZrO2:CeO2 slab waveguides obtained via sol–gel

Planar multilayer ZrO 2:CeO 2 slab waveguides were prepared by a sol-gel route and dip-coating technique onto commercial glass substrates. The coatings were microstructurally characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and by optical confocal microscopy. Coating thicknesses of ca. 500 nm and refractive index values of 2.069 ± 0.001 and 2.087 ± 0.001, respectively for TE and TM light polarization modes, were calculated by Dark m-line spectroscopy. This is consistent with the birefringent character of the coating, associated to the presence of anisotropic crystalline phases within the coating's vitreous matrix. Finally, propagation losses of 0.9 ± 0.2 and 1.5 ± 0.2 dB/cm were determined by the scattered light measurement for TE and TM polarization modes, respectively. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.