Biofabrication of Silk Fibers with Enhanced Conductivity through Silkworm Feeding with Reduced Graphene Oxide: Implications for Smart Textile Innovations

In this study, we present an innovative research within the intersection of biotechnology, materials science, and electronics by presenting an approach to enhance the electrical characteristics of silk fibers. By feeding silkworms with mulberry leaves infused with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), we achieved the integration of the nanomaterial into the biopolymer matrix of silk fibers. Through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, we confirmed the incorporation of rGO into the silk fiber structure. Key findings emphasize a significant hydrogen interaction between the hydroxyl groups of rGO and the NH groups of silk. This molecular interaction not only bolsters the conductivity of the fibers but also maintains the natural silk’s coloration. Electrical characterization revealed a temperature-dependent conductivity pattern. Significantly, this behavior adheres to the variable range hopping (VRH) formalism, suggesting a σ ( T 1 / 4 ) temperature relationship. Notably, a conductivity of approximately σ =4 × 10 – 3 S/m was achieved in the modified fibers. This study represents a significant advancement in the innovation of electronic textiles by enhancing the electrical properties of silk fibers. The introduction of nanomaterial opens new opportunities for its implementation in the field of smart textiles, providing improved electronic properties that have the potential to transform the apparel industry.