Direct observation of significant hot carrier cooling suppression in a two-dimensional silicon phononic crystal
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Finding hot carrier cooling suppression in new material structures is fundamentally important for developing promising technological applications. These phenomenona have not been reported for crystalline silicon phononic crystals. Herein, we experimentally design two-dimensional (2D) silicon samples consisting of airy hole arrays in a crystalline silicon matrix. For reference, the determined hot carrier cooling times were 0.45 ps and 0.37 ps, respectively, at probe wavelengths of 1080 nm and 1100 nm. Surprisingly, when the 2D structured silicon possessed the properties of a phononic crystal, significant suppression of hot carrier cooling was observed. In these cases, the observed hot carrier cooling times were as long as 15.9 ps and 10.7 ps at probe wavelengths of 1080 nm and 1100 nm, respectively, indicating prolongation by orders of magnitude. This remarkable enhancement was also observed with other probe wavelengths. The present work presents experimental evidence for hot carrier cooling suppression in 2D silicon phononic crystals and opens opportunities for promising applications.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research · Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies · Thermal properties of materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (33)
Show source-provided references
1. Yang, Y. et al. Observation of a hot-phonon bottleneck in lead-iodide perovskites. Nat. Photonics 8, 1300 (2015).
2. Fu, J. et al. Hot carrier cooling mechanisms in halide perovskites. Nat. Commun. 8, 1300 (2017).10.1038/s41467-017-01360-3 ↗
3. Clavero, C. Plasmon-induced hot-electron generation at nanoparticle/metaloxide interfaces for photovoltaic and photocatalytic devices. Nat. Photonics 8, 95–103 (2014).10.1038/nphoton.2013.238 ↗
4. Knight, M. W., Sobhani, H., Nordlander, P. & Halas, N. J. Photodetection with active optical antennas. Science 332, 702–704 (2011).10.1126/science.1203056 ↗
5. Lao, Y.-F. et al. Tunable hot-carrier photodetection beyond the bandgap spectral limit. Nat. Photonics 8, 412–418 (2014).10.1038/nphoton.2014.80 ↗
6. Gabor, N. M. et al. Hot carrier-assisted intrinsic photoresponse in grapheme. Science 334, 648–652 (2011).10.1126/science.1211384 ↗
7. Ma, Q. et al. Giant intrinsic photoresponse in pristine grapheme. Nat. Nanotechnol. 14, 145–150 (2019).10.1038/s41565-018-0323-8 ↗
8. Cai, X. H. et al. Sensitive room-temperature terahertz detection via the photothermoelectric effect in grapheme. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 814–819 (2014).10.1038/nnano.2014.182 ↗
9. Conibeer, G. Third-generation photovoltaics. Mater. Today 10, 42 (2007).10.1016/S1369-7021(07)70278-X ↗
10. Green, M. A. Third Generation Photovoltaics: Advanced Solar Energy Conversion (Springer-Verlag, 2003).
11. Yan, W. & Richards, B. S. Potential of silicon phononic crystals for photovoltaic applications. IEEE J. Photovoltaics 2156, 1503–1510 (2017).10.1109/JPHOTOV.2017.2735024 ↗
12. Rodie’re, J., Lombez, L., Le Corre, A., Durand, O. & Guillemoles, J.-F. Experimental evidence of hot carriers solar cell operation in multi-quantum wells heterostructures. Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 183901 (2015).10.1063/1.4919901 ↗
13. Léonard, F. et al. Simultaneous thermoelectric and optoelectronic characterization of individual nanowires. Nano Lett. 15, 8129–8135 (2015).10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03572 ↗
14. Barkelid, M. & Zwiller, V. Photocurrent generation in semiconducting and metallic carbon nanotubes. Nat. Photonics 8, 48–51 (2014).10.1038/nphoton.2013.311 ↗
15. Li, Mingjie, Fu, Jianhui, Xu, Qiang & Sum., TzeChien Slow hot-carrier cooling in halide perovskites: prospects for hot-carrier solar cells. Adv. Mater. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201802486 (2019).10.1002/adma.201802486 ↗
16. Zhang, P. et al. Generation of hot carrier population in colloidal silicon quantum dots for high-efficiency photovoltaics. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 145, 391–396 (2016).10.1016/j.solmat.2015.11.002 ↗
17. Porter, I. J. et al. Characterization of carrier cooling bottleneck in silicon nanoparticles by extreme ultraviolet (XUV) transient absorption spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. C 125, 9319–9329 (2021).10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c02101 ↗
18. Maldovan, M. Sound and heat revolutions in phononics. Nature 503, 209–217 (2013).10.1038/nature12608 ↗
19. Liu, Z. et al. Locally resonant sonic materials. Science 289, 1734–1736 (2000).10.1126/science.289.5485.1734 ↗
20. Liang, B., Guo, X. S., Tu, J., Zhang, D. & Cheng, J. C. An acoustic rectifier. Nat. Mater. 9, 989–992 (2010).10.1038/nmat2881 ↗
21. Eichenfield, M., Chan, J., Camacho, R. M., Vahala, K. J. & Painter, O. Optomechanical crystals. Nature 462, 78–82 (2009).10.1038/nature08524 ↗
22. Yu, J.-K., Mitrovic, S., Tham, D., Varghese, J. & Heath, J. R. Reduction of thermal conductivity in phononic nanomesh structure. Nat. Nanotechnol. 5, 718–721 (2010).10.1038/nnano.2010.149 ↗
23. Wörle, M., Holleitner, A. W., Kienberger, R. & Iglev, H. Ultrafast hot carrier relaxation in silicon monitored by phase-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B 104, L041201 (2021).10.1103/PhysRevB.104.L041201 ↗
24. Arthur, J. Nozik Spectroscopy and hot electron relaxation dynamics in semiconductor quantum wells and quantum dots. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 52, 193–231 (2001).10.1146/annurev.physchem.52.1.193 ↗
25. Wang, Lifeng et al. Observation of a phonon bottleneck in copper-doped colloidal quantum dots. Nat. Commun. 10, 4532 (2019).10.1038/s41467-019-12558-y ↗
26. Conibeer, G. J., Guillemoles, J. F., Konig, D. & Green, M. A. Phononic engineering for hot carrier solar cells including interface modelling. Proc. 21st Eur. Photovolt. Sol. Energy Conf., 90–93 (Dresden, Germany, 2006).
27. Guillemoles, J. F., Conibeer, G. & Green, M. Phononic engineering with nanostructures for hot carrier solar cells. Proc. 15th Eur. Photovolt. Sol. Energy Conf., 1–2 (Shanghai, China, 2005).
28. Ward, A. & Broido, D. A. Intrinsic phonon relaxation times from firstprinciples studies of the thermal conductivities of Si and Ge. Phys. Rev. B 81, 085205 (2010).10.1103/PhysRevB.81.085205 ↗
29. El-Kady, I. et al. Phonon manipulation with phononic crystals. Sandia Nat. Lab. Rep., Albuquerque, NM, USA, 2012. http://prod.sandia.gov/techlib/accesscontrol.cgi/2012/120127.pdf (2012).
30. Hopkins, P. E. et al. Reduction in the thermal conductivity of single crystalline silicon by phononic crystal patterning. Nano Lett. 11, 107–112 (2011).10.1021/nl102918q ↗
31. Hess, P. Laser diagnostics of mechanical and elastic properties of silicon and carbon films. Appl. Surf. Sci. 106, 429–437 (1996).10.1016/S0169-4332(96)00369-8 ↗
32. Ghaffari, S. et al. Accurate modeling of quality factor behavior of complex silicon MEMS resonators. J. Microelectromech. Syst. 24, 276–288 (2015).10.1109/JMEMS.2014.2374451 ↗
33. Balarin, M. EMIS data reviews. series no. 4, Inst. Electr, Eng., London, U.K. (1988).