Recent progress in palladium-nonmetal nanostructure development for fuel cell applications
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Developing highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts plays a central role in realizing a broad range of fuel cell application. Palladium (Pd)-nonmetal nanostructures, as a special class of Pd-based alloys, have exhibited diversified advantages for fuel cell reactions. In this minireview, the most recent progress in the synthesis of Pd-nonmetal nanostructures and their applications in fuel cells are reviewed. First, the merits and advantages of Pd-nonmetal nanostructures are clarified. Next, strategies for enhancing the performance of Pd-nonmetal nanostructures are summarized by demonstrating the most typical examples. It is expected that this review will generate more research interest in the development of more advanced Pd-nonmetal nanocatalysts.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion · Fuel Cells and Related Materials · Nanomaterials for catalytic reactions
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (76)
Show source-provided references
1. Winter, M. & Brodd, R. J. What are batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors? Chem. Rev. 104, 4245–4270 (2004).10.1021/cr020730k ↗
2. Wang, Y.-J. et al. Carbon-supported Pt-based alloy electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: Particle size, shape, and composition manipulation and their impact to activity. Chem. Rev. 115, 3433–3467 (2015).10.1021/cr500519c ↗
3. Wang, X. X., Swihart, M. T. & Wu, G. Achievements, challenges and perspectives on cathode catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells for transportation. Nat. Catal. 2, 578–589 (2019).10.1038/s41929-019-0304-9 ↗
4. Hou, J. et al. Platinum-group-metal catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: From catalyst design to electrode structure optimization. EnergyChem 2, 100023 (2020).10.1016/j.enchem.2019.100023 ↗
5. Stephens, I. E. L., Rossmeisl, J. & Chorkendorff, I. Toward sustainable fuel cells. Science 354, 1378–1379 (2016).10.1126/science.aal3303 ↗
6. Jia, Q. et al. Improved oxygen reduction activity and durability of dealloyed PtCox catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Strain, ligand, and particle size effects. ACS Catal. 5, 176–186 (2015).10.1021/cs501537n ↗
7. Antolini, E. Iridium as catalyst and cocatalyst for oxygen evolution/reduction in acidic polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers and fuel cells. ACS Catal. 4, 1426–1440 (2014).10.1021/cs4011875 ↗
8. Debe, M. K. Electrocatalyst approaches and challenges for automotive fuel cells. Nature 486, 43–51 (2012).10.1038/nature11115 ↗
9. Antolini, E. Palladium in fuel cell catalysis. Energy Environ. Sci. 2, 915–931 (2009).10.1039/b820837a ↗
10. Appleby, A. J. Electrocatalysis and fuel cells. Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng. 4, 221–244 (1971).10.1080/01614947108075490 ↗
11. Serov, A. A. et al. Modification of palladium-based catalysts by chalcogenes for direct methanol fuel cells. Electrochem. Commun. 9, 2041–2044 (2007).10.1016/j.elecom.2007.06.005 ↗
12. Zhao, M., Abe, K., Yamaura, S.-I., Yamamoto, Y. & Asao, N. Fabrication of Pd–Ni–P metallic glass nanoparticles and their application as highly durable catalysts in methanol electro-oxidation. Chem. Mater. 26, 1056–1061 (2014).10.1021/cm403185h ↗
13. Zhang, N., Bu, L. Z., Guo, S., Guo, J. & Huang, X. Screw thread-like platinum–copper nanowires bounded with high-index facets for efficient electrocatalysis. Nano Lett. 16, 5037–5043 (2016).10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01825 ↗
14. Greeley, J. et al. Alloys of platinum and early transition metals as oxygen reduction electrocatalysts. Nat. Chem. 1, 552–556 (2009).10.1038/nchem.367 ↗
15. Feng, Y., Huang, B., Yang, C., Shao, Q. & Huang, X. Platinum porous nanosheets with high surface distortion and Pt utilization for enhanced oxygen reduction catalysis. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29, 1904429 (2019).10.1002/adfm.201904429 ↗
16. Zhang, N., Shao, Q., Xiao, X. & Huang, X. Advanced catalysts derived from composition-segregated platinum-nickel nanostructures: New opportunities and challenges. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29, 1808161 (2019).10.1002/adfm.201808161 ↗
17. Luo, M. et al. Palladium-based nanoelectrocatalysts for renewable energy generation and conversion. Mater. Today Nano 1, 29–40 (2018).10.1016/j.mtnano.2018.04.008 ↗
18. Zhang, Y. et al. Defect engineering of palladium-tin nanowires enables efficient electrocatalysts for fuel cell reactions. Nano Lett. 19, 6894–6903 (2019).10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02137 ↗
19. Zhang, Y. et al. Seedless growth of palladium nanocrystals with tunable structures: From tetrahedra to nanosheets. Nano Lett. 15, 7519–7525 (2015).10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04019 ↗
20. Kuttiyiel, K. A. et al. Gold-promoted structurally ordered intermetallic palladium cobalt nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction. Nat. Commun. 5, 5185 (2014).10.1038/ncomms6185 ↗
21. Lu, Y., Jiang, Y., Gao, X., Wang, X. & Chen, W. Strongly coupled Pd nanotetrahedron/tungsten oxide nanosheet hybrids with enhanced catalytic activity and stability as oxygen reduction electrocatalysts. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 11687–11697 (2014).10.1021/ja5041094 ↗
22. Chen, A. & Ostrom, C. Palladium-based nanomaterials: Synthesis and electrochemical applications. Chem. Rev. 115, 11999–12044 (2015).10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00324 ↗
23. Bu, L., Tang, C., Shao, Q., Zhu, X. & Huang, X. Three-dimensional Pd3Pb nanosheet assemblies: High-performance non-Pt electrocatalysts for bifunctional fuel cell reactions. ACS Catal. 8, 4569–4575 (2018).10.1021/acscatal.8b00455 ↗
24. Qiu, Y. et al. Construction of Pd–Zn dual sites to enhance the performance for ethanol electro-oxidation reaction. Nat. Commun. 12, 5273 (2021).10.1038/s41467-021-25600-9 ↗
25. Li, C. et al. Dendritic defect-rich palladium–copper–cobalt nanoalloys as robust multifunctional non-platinum electrocatalysts for fuel cells. Nat. Commun. 9, 3702 (2018).10.1038/s41467-018-06043-1 ↗
26. Zhang, N. et al. Superior bifunctional liquid fuel oxidation and oxygen reduction electrocatalysis enabled by PtNiPd core-shell nanowires. Adv. Mater. 29, 1603774 (2017).10.1002/adma.201603774 ↗
27. Wang, J.-Y., Kang, Y.-Y., Yang, H. & Cai, W.-B. Boron-doped palladium nanoparticles on carbon black as a superior catalyst for formic acid electro-oxidation. J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 8366–8372 (2009).10.1021/jp900349g ↗
28. Zhang, Q., Weng, J. & Xu, J. Palladium phosphide/black phosphorus heterostructures with enhanced ethanol oxidation activity and stability. J. Phys. Chem. C 125, 18717–18724 (2021).10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c04550 ↗
29. Rego, R., Ferraria, A. M., Botelho do Rego, A. M. & Oliveira, M. C. Development of PdP nano electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. Electrochim. Acta 87, 73–81 (2013).10.1016/j.electacta.2012.08.107 ↗
30. Li, H.-H. et al. Ultrathin PtPdTe nanowires as superior catalysts for methanol electrooxidation. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52, 7472–7476 (2013).10.1002/anie.201302090 ↗
31. Cai, J., Huang, Y. & Guo, Y. PdTex/C nanocatalysts with high catalytic activity for ethanol electro-oxidation in alkaline medium. Appl. Catal. B 150–151, 230–237 (2014).10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.11.035 ↗
32. Poon, K. C. et al. A highly active Pd–P nanoparticle electrocatalyst for enhanced formic acid oxidation synthesized via stepwise electroless deposition. Chem. Commun. 52, 3556–3559 (2016).10.1039/C5CC08669H ↗
33. Yin, S. et al. Binary nonmetal S and P-co-doping into mesoporous PtPd nanocages boosts oxygen reduction electrocatalysis. Nanoscale 12, 14863–14869 (2020).10.1039/D0NR02686G ↗
34. Qiao, W., Yang, X., Li, M. & Feng, L. Hollow Pd/Te nanorods for the effective electrooxidation of methanol. Nanoscale 13, 6884–6889 (2021).10.1039/D1NR01005K ↗
35. Kucernak, A. R. J., Fahy, K. F. & Sundaram, V. N. N. Facile synthesis of palladium phosphide electrocatalysts and their activity for the hydrogen oxidation, hydrogen evolutions, oxygen reduction, and formic acid oxidation reactions. Catal. Today 262, 48–56 (2016).10.1016/j.cattod.2015.09.031 ↗
36. Poon, K. C. et al. Newly developed stepwise electroless deposition enables a remarkably facile synthesis of highly active and stable amorphous Pd nanoparticle electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 5217–5220 (2014).10.1021/ja500275r ↗
37. Singh, V. V., Rao, G. K., Kumar, A. & Singh, A. K. Palladium(II)-selenoether complexes as new single source precursors: First synthesis of Pd4Se and Pd7Se4 nanoparticles. Dalton Trans. 41, 1142–1145 (2012).10.1039/C2DT12113A ↗
38. Bu, L. et al. H-implanted Pd icosahedra for oxygen reduction catalysis: From calculation to practice. CCS Chem. 3, 1972–1982 (2020).10.31635/ccschem.020.202000319 ↗
39. Kukunuri, S., Austeria, P. M. & Sampath, S. Electrically conducting palladium selenide (Pd4Se, Pd17Se15, Pd7Se4) phases: Synthesis and activity towards hydrogen evolution reaction. Chem. Commun. 52, 206–209 (2016).10.1039/C5CC06730H ↗
40. Kukunuri, S., Naik, K. & Sampath, S. Effects of composition and nanostructuring of palladium selenide phases, Pd4Se, Pd7Se4, and Pd17Se15, on ORR activity and their use in mg-air batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 5, 4660–4670 (2017).10.1039/C7TA00253J ↗
41. Du, C. et al. Monodisperse palladium sulfide as efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 10, 753–761 (2018).10.1021/acsami.7b16359 ↗
42. Mora-Hernández, J. M., Vega-Granados, K., Estudillo-Wong, L. A., Canaff, C. & Alonso-Vante, N. Chemistry, surface electrochemistry, and electrocatalysis of carbon-supported palladium-selenized nanoparticles. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 3, 11434–11444 (2020).10.1021/acsaem.0c02370 ↗
43. Tong, W. et al. Crystal-phase-engineered PdCu electrocatalyst for enhanced ammonia synthesis. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59, 2649–2653 (2020).10.1002/anie.201913122 ↗
44. Wang, P. et al. Phase and structure engineering of copper tin heterostructures for efficient electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. Nat. Commun. 9, 4933 (2018).10.1038/s41467-018-07419-z ↗
45. Yu, Z. et al. Phase-controlled synthesis of Pd–Se nanocrystals for phase-dependent oxygen reduction catalysis. Nano Lett. 21, 3805–3812 (2021).10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00147 ↗
46. Gossé, S. & Guéneau, C. Thermodynamic assessment of the palladium-tellurium (Pd–Te) system. Intermetallics 19, 621–629 (2011).10.1016/j.intermet.2010.12.014 ↗
47. Okamoto, H. Pd–Te (palladium–tellurium). J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. 34, 72–73 (2013).10.1007/s11669-012-0136-7 ↗
48. Feng, Y. et al. Te-doped Pd nanocrystal for electrochemical urea production by efficiently coupling carbon dioxide reduction with nitrite reduction. Nano Lett. 20, 8282–8289 (2020).10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03400 ↗
49. Zhang, Y. et al. Atomically deviated Pd–Te nanoplates boost methanol-tolerant fuel cells. Sci. Adv. 6, eaba9731 (2020).10.1126/sciadv.aba9731 ↗
50. Madhu & Singh, R. N. Palladium selenides as active methanol tolerant cathode materials for direct methanol fuel cell. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 36, 10006–10012 (2011).10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.05.069 ↗
51. Xing, S. et al. Palladium phosphide nanoparticles embedded in 3d N, P co-doped carbon film for high-efficiency oxygen reduction. J. Mater. Sci. 56, 10523–10536 (2021).10.1007/s10853-021-05935-w ↗
52. Bach, L. G., Thi, M. L. N., Bui, Q. B. & Nhac-Vu, H. T. Palladium sulfide nanoparticles attached MoS2/nitrogen-doped graphene heterostructures for efficient oxygen reduction reaction. Synth. Met. 254, 172–179 (2019).10.1016/j.synthmet.2019.06.001 ↗
53. Salomé, S. et al. Synthesis and testing of new carbon-supported PdP catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J. Electroanal. Chem. 754, 8–21 (2015).10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.06.011 ↗
54. Li, L., Shao, Q. & Huang, X. Amorphous oxide nanostructures for advanced electrocatalysis. Chem. Eur. J. 26, 3943–3960 (2020).10.1002/chem.201903206 ↗
55. Yu, J., Chen, D., Saccoccio, M., Lam, K. & Ciucci, F. Promotion of oxygen reduction with both amorphous and crystalline MnOx through the surface engineering of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-δ perovskite. ChemElectroChem 5, 1105–1112 (2018).10.1002/celc.201701248 ↗
56. Indra, A. et al. Unification of catalytic water oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions: Amorphous beat crystalline cobalt iron oxides. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 17530–17536 (2014).10.1021/ja509348t ↗
57. Yan, X., Tian, L., He, M. & Chen, X. Three-dimensional crystalline/amorphous Co/Co3O4 core/shell nanosheets as efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Nano Lett. 15, 6015–6021 (2015).10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02205 ↗
58. Zhang, X. et al. Lithiation-induced amorphization of Pd3P2S8 for highly efficient hydrogen evolution. Nat. Catal. 1, 460–468 (2018).10.1038/s41929-018-0072-y ↗
59. Wang, J. et al. Amorphization activated ruthenium–tellurium nanorods for efficient water splitting. Nat. Commun. 10, 5692 (2019).10.1038/s41467-019-13519-1 ↗
60. Zhang, J., Yin, R., Shao, Q., Zhu, T. & Huang, X. Oxygen vacancies in amorphous inox nanoribbons enhance CO2 adsorption and activation for CO2 electroreduction. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 58, 5609–5613 (2019).10.1002/anie.201900167 ↗
61. Wu, G. et al. A general synthesis approach for amorphous noble metal nanosheets. Nat. Commun. 10, 4855 (2019).10.1038/s41467-019-12859-2 ↗
62. Chen, L. et al. Improved ethanol electrooxidation performance by shortening Pd–Ni active site distance in Pd–Ni–P nanocatalysts. Nat. Commun. 8, 14136 (2017).10.1038/ncomms14136 ↗
63. He, T. et al. Deposition of atomically thin Pt shells on amorphous palladium phosphide cores for enhancing the electrocatalytic durability. ACS Nano 15, 7348–7356 (2021).10.1021/acsnano.1c00602 ↗
64. Li, L., Wang, P., Shao, Q. & Huang, X. Metallic nanostructures with low dimensionality for electrochemical water splitting. Chem. Soc. Rev. 49, 3072–3106 (2020).10.1039/D0CS00013B ↗
65. Li, X. et al. Atomic-level construction of tensile-strained PdFe alloy surface toward highly efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysis. Nano Lett. 20, 1403–1409 (2020).10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05024 ↗
66. Moseley, P. & Curtin, W. A. Computational design of strain in core-shell nanoparticles for optimizing catalytic activity. Nano Lett. 15, 4089–4095 (2015).10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01154 ↗
67. Bu, L. et al. Biaxially strained PtPb/Pt core/shell nanoplate boosts oxygen reduction catalysis. Science 354, 1410–1414 (2016).10.1126/science.aah6133 ↗
68. Li, L. et al. Strain and interface effects in a novel bismuth-based self-assembled supercell structure. ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 7, 11631–11636 (2015).10.1021/acsami.5b02699 ↗
69. Zhang, J., Xu, Y. & Zhang, B. Facile synthesis of 3d Pd–P nanoparticle networks with enhanced electrocatalytic performance towards formic acid electrooxidation. Chem. Commun. 50, 13451–13453 (2014).10.1039/C4CC03282A ↗
70. Jiang, K. et al. Small addition of boron in palladium catalyst, big improvement in fuel cell’s performance: what may interfacial spectroelectrochemistry tell? ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 8, 7133–7138 (2016).10.1021/acsami.6b00416 ↗
71. Wang, M. et al. Electrocatalytic activities of oxygen reduction reaction on Pd/C and Pd-B/C catalysts. J. Phys. Chem. C 121, 3416–3423 (2017).10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b12026 ↗
72. Lv, H. et al. Ternary palladium–boron–phosphorus alloy mesoporous nanospheres for highly efficient electrocatalysis. ACS Nano 13, 12052–12061 (2019).10.1021/acsnano.9b06339 ↗
73. Yang, H. et al. Ultrafine palladium–gold–phosphorus ternary alloyed nanoparticles anchored on ionic liquids-noncovalently functionalized carbon nanotubes with excellent electrocatalytic property for ethanol oxidation reaction in alkaline media. J. Catal. 353, 256–264 (2017).10.1016/j.jcat.2017.07.025 ↗
74. Li, J., Chen, J., Wang, Q., Cai, W.-B. & Chen, S. Controllable increase of boron content in B–Pd interstitial nanoalloy to boost the oxygen reduction activity of palladium. Chem. Mater. 29, 10060–10067 (2017).10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03732 ↗
75. Vo Doan, T. T. et al. Frontispiece: Theoretical modelling and facile synthesis of a highly active boron-doped palladium catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55, 6842–7 (2016).10.1002/anie.201601727 ↗
76. He, T. et al. Mastering the surface strain of platinum catalysts for efficient electrocatalysis. Nature 598, 76–81 (2021).10.1038/s41586-021-03870-z ↗