journal article·2020-12Open access

On-demand tuning of charge accumulation and carrier mobility in quantum dot solids for electron transport and energy storage devices

Ricky Dwi Septianto, Liming Liu, Ferry Iskandar, Nobuhiro Matsushita, Yoshihiro Iwasa, Satria Zulkarnaen Bisri

NPG Asia Materials· Volume 12· Issue 1

Abstract

Abstract Assemblies of colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are attractive for a broad range of applications because of the ability to exploit the quantum confinement effect and the large surface-to-volume ratio due to their small dimensions. Each application requires different types of assemblies based on which properties are intended to be utilized. Greater control of assembly formation and optimization of the related carrier transport characteristics are vital to advance the utilization of these materials. Here, we demonstrate on-demand control of the assembly morphology and electrical properties of highly crosslinked CQD solids through the augmentation of various assembly methods. Employment of electric-double-layer (EDL) gating on these assembly structures (i.e., an amorphous assembly, a hierarchical porous assembly, and a compact superlattice assembly) reveals their intrinsic carrier transport and accumulation characteristics. Demonstrations of high electron mobility with a high current modulation ratio reaching 105 in compact QD films and of a record-high areal capacitance of 400 μF/cm2 in an electric-double-layer supercapacitor with very thin (<100 nm) QD hierarchical porous assemblies signify the versatility of CQDs as building blocks for various modern electronic devices.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties · Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication · Perovskite Materials and Applications

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (46)

Show source-provided references
1. Talapin, D. V., Lee, J.-S., Kovalenko, M. V. & Shevchenko, E. V. Prospects of colloidal nanocrystals for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Chem. Rev. 110, 389–458 (2010).10.1021/cr900137k ↗
2. Piliego, C., Protesescu, L., Bisri, S. Z., Kovalenko, M. V. & Loi, M. A. 5.2% efficient PbS nanocrystal Schottky solar cells. Energy Environ. Sci. 6, 3054–3059 (2013).10.1039/c3ee41479e ↗
3. Chuang, C.-H. M., Brown, P. R., Bulović, V. & Bawendi, M. G. Improved performance and stability in quantum dot solar cells through band alignment engineering. Nat. Mater. 13, 796 (2014).10.1038/nmat3984 ↗
4. Stavrinadis, A., Pradhan, S., Papagiorgis, P., Itskos, G. & Konstantatos, G. Suppressing deep traps in PbS colloidal quantum dots via facile iodide substitutional doping for solar cells with efficiency >10%. ACS Energy Lett. 2, 739–744 (2017).10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00091 ↗
5. Lhuillier, E. et al. Infrared photodetection based on colloidal quantum-dot films with high mobility and optical absorption up to THz. Nano Lett. 16, 1282–1286 (2016).10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04616 ↗
6. Jizhong, S. et al. Quantum dot light-emitting diodes based on inorganic perovskite cesium lead halides (CsPbX3). Adv. Mater. 27, 7162–7167 (2015).10.1002/adma.201502567 ↗
7. Wang, R. Y. et al. Enhanced thermopower in PbSe nanocrystal quantum dot superlattices. Nano Lett. 8, 2283–2288 (2008).10.1021/nl8009704 ↗
8. Urban, J. J. Prospects for thermoelectricity in quantum dot hybrid arrays. Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 997 (2015).10.1038/nnano.2015.289 ↗
9. Holmes, M. A., Townsend, T. K. & Osterloh, F. E. Quantum confinement controlled photocatalytic water splitting by suspended CdSe nanocrystals. Chem. Commun. 48, 371–373 (2012).10.1039/C1CC16082F ↗
10. Brozek, C. K. et al. Soluble supercapacitors: large and reversible charge storage in colloidal iron-doped ZnO nanocrystals. Nano Lett. 18, 3297–3302 (2018).10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01264 ↗
11. Liu, L. et al. Ligand and solvent effects on hole transport in colloidal quantum dot assemblies for electronic devices. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 1, 5217–5225 (2018).10.1021/acsanm.8b01205 ↗
12. Bisri, S. Z., Piliego, C., Yarema, M., Heiss, W. & Loi, M. A. Low driving voltage and high mobility ambipolar field-effect transistors with PbS colloidal nanocrystals. Adv. Mater. 25, 4309–4314 (2013).10.1002/adma.201205041 ↗
13. Yang, H. & Jiang, P. Large-scale colloidal self-assembly by doctor blade coating. Langmuir 26, 13173–13182 (2010).10.1021/la101721v ↗
14. Douglas, A. et al. Ultrafine iron pyrite (FeS2) nanocrystals improve sodium–sulfur and lithium–sulfur conversion reactions for efficient batteries. ACS Nano 9, 11156–11165 (2015).10.1021/acsnano.5b04700 ↗
15. Yang, H. B. et al. Stable quantum dot photoelectrolysis cell for unassisted visible light solar water splitting. ACS Nano 8, 10403–10413 (2014).10.1021/nn503751s ↗
16. Peng, L., Fang, Z., Zhu, Y., Yan, C. & Yu, G. Holey 2D nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage. Adv. Energy Mater. 8, 1702179 (2018).10.1002/aenm.201702179 ↗
17. Hines, M. A. & Scholes, G. D. Colloidal PbS nanocrystals with size-tunable near-infrared emission: observation of post-synthesis self-narrowing of the particle size distribution. Adv. Mater. 15, 1844–1849 (2003).10.1002/adma.200305395 ↗
18. Shulga, A. G., Piveteau, L., Bisri, S. Z., Kovalenko, M. V. & Loi, M. A. Double gate PbS quantum dot field-effect transistors for tuneable electrical characteristics. Adv. Electron. Mater. 2, 1500467 (2016).10.1002/aelm.201500467 ↗
19. Gaulding, E. A. et al. Deposition of wafer‐scale single‐component and binary nanocrystal superlattice thin films via dip‐coating. Adv. Mater. 27, 2846–2851 (2015).10.1002/adma.201405575 ↗
20. Liu, L., Bisri, S. Z., Ishida, Y., Aida, T. & Iwasa, Y. Tunable electronic properties by ligand coverage control in PbS nanocrystal assemblies. Nanoscale 11, 20467–20474 (2019).10.1039/C9NR07101F ↗
21. Whitham, K., Smilgies, D.-M. & Hanrath, T. Entropic, enthalpic, and kinetic aspects of interfacial nanocrystal superlattice assembly and attachment. Chem. Mater. 30, 54–63 (2018).10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b04223 ↗
22. Evers, W. H. et al. Low-dimensional semiconductor superlattices formed by geometric control over nanocrystal attachment. Nano Lett. 13, 2317–2323 (2013).10.1021/nl303322k ↗
23. Yuan, H. et al. Hydrogenation-induced surface polarity recognition and proton memory behavior at protic-ionic-liquid/oxide electric-double-layer interfaces. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 6672–6678 (2010).10.1021/ja909110s ↗
24. Iskandar, F., Abdullah, M., Yoden, H. & Okuyama, K. Optical band gap and ultralow dielectric constant materials prepared by a simple dip coating process. J. Appl. Phys. 93, 9237–9242 (2003).10.1063/1.1571218 ↗
25. Dong, A., Jiao, Y. & Milliron, D. J. Electronically coupled nanocrystal superlattice films by in situ ligand exchange at the liquid–air interface. ACS Nano 7, 10978–10984 (2013).10.1021/nn404566b ↗
26. Weidman, M. C., Nguyen, Q., Smilgies, D.-M. & Tisdale, W. A. Impact of size dispersity, ligand coverage, and ligand length on the structure of PbS nanocrystal superlattices. Chem. Mater. 30, 807–816 (2018).10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b04322 ↗
27. Nugraha, M. I. et al. High mobility and low density of trap states in dual-solid-gated PbS nanocrystal field-effect transistors. Adv. Mater. 27, 2107–2112 (2015).10.1002/adma.201404495 ↗
28. Balazs, D. M. et al. Reducing charge trapping in PbS colloidal quantum dot solids. Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 112104 (2014).10.1063/1.4869216 ↗
29. Bisri, S. Z., Piliego, C., Gao, J. & Loi, M. A. Outlook and emerging semiconducting materials for ambipolar transistors. Adv. Mater. 26, 1176–1199 (2014).10.1002/adma.201304280 ↗
30. Aguirre, C. M. et al. The role of the oxygen/water redox couple in suppressing electron conduction in field-effect transistors. Adv. Mater. 21, 3087–3091 (2009).10.1002/adma.200900550 ↗
31. Choi, H. H., Cho, K., Frisbie, C. D., Sirringhaus, H. & Podzorov, V. Critical assessment of charge mobility extraction in FETs. Nat. Mater. 17, 2 (2017).10.1038/nmat5035 ↗
32. Bisri, S. Z., Shimizu, S., Nakano, M. & Iwasa, Y. Endeavor of iontronics: from fundamentals to applications of ion-controlled electronics. Adv. Mater. 29, 1607054 (2017).10.1002/adma.201607054 ↗
33. Yuan, H. et al. High-density carrier accumulation in ZnO field-effect transistors gated by electric double layers of ionic liquids. Adv. Funct. Mater. 19, 1046–1053 (2009).10.1002/adfm.200801633 ↗
34. Kang, M. S., Lee, J., Norris, D. J. & Frisbie, C. D. High carrier densities achieved at low voltages in ambipolar PbSe nanocrystal thin-film transistors. Nano Lett. 9, 3848–3852 (2009).10.1021/nl902062x ↗
35. Cho, J. H. et al. High-capacitance ion gel gate dielectrics with faster polarization response times for organic thin film transistors. Adv. Mater. 20, 686–690 (2008).10.1002/adma.200701069 ↗
36. Cho, J. H. et al. Printable ion-gel gate dielectrics for low-voltage polymer thin-film transistors on plastic. Nat. Mater. 7, 900 (2008).10.1038/nmat2291 ↗
37. Chua, L.-L. et al. General observation of n-type field-effect behaviour in organic semiconductors. Nature 434, 194–199 (2005).10.1038/nature03376 ↗
38. Bisri, S. Z. et al. Determination of the electronic energy levels of colloidal nanocrystals using field-effect transistors and ab-initio calculations. Adv. Mater. 26, 5639–5645 (2014).10.1002/adma.201400660 ↗
39. Shimotani, H. et al. Continuous band-filling control and one-dimensional transport in metallic and semiconducting carbon nanotube tangled films. Adv. Funct. Mater. 24, 3305–3311 (2014).10.1002/adfm.201303566 ↗
40. Yuan, H. et al. Electrostatic and electrochemical nature of liquid-gated electric-double-layer transistors based on oxide semiconductors. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 18402–18407 (2010).10.1021/ja108912x ↗
41. Chen, W., Fan, Z., Gu, L., Bao, X. & Wang, C. Enhanced capacitance of manganese oxide via confinement inside carbon nanotubes. Chem. Commun. 46, 3905–3907 (2010).10.1039/c000517g ↗
42. Xia, J., Chen, F., Li, J. & Tao, N. Measurement of the quantum capacitance of graphene. Nat. Nanotechnol. 4, 505–509 (2009).10.1038/nnano.2009.177 ↗
43. Largeot, C. et al. Relation between the ion size and pore size for an electric double-layer capacitor. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 2730–2731 (2008).10.1021/ja7106178 ↗
44. Ji, H. et al. Capacitance of carbon-based electrical double-layer capacitors. Nat. Commun. 5, 3317 (2014).
45. Fox, E. T., Paillard, E., Borodin, O. & Henderson, W. A. Physicochemical properties of binary ionic liquid-aprotic solvent electrolyte mixtures. J. Phys. Chem. C. 117, 78–84 (2013).10.1021/jp3089403 ↗
46. Ruiz, V., Huynh, T., Sivakkumar, S. R. & Pandolfo, A. G. Ionic liquid-solvent mixtures as supercapacitor electrolytes for extreme temperature operation. RSC Adv. 2, 5591–5598 (2012).10.1039/c2ra20177a ↗