Boosting ion dynamics through superwettable leaf-like film based on porous g-C3N4 nanosheets for ionogel supercapacitors
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes have enormous potential for the development of high energy density supercapacitors (SCs) owing to their wide potential windows, but ILs are plagued by sluggish ionic diffusion due to their high viscosity and large ion size. Exploiting superwettable electrodes possessing high compatibility with IL electrolytes remains challenging. Inspired by the biological characteristics observed in nature, a unique film electrode with a Monstera leaf-like nanostructure is synthesized and used to overcome the aforementioned bottleneck. Similar to the pores in Monstera leaves that allow the permeation of air and water vapor, the film electrode is based on porous g-C3N4 nanosheets (~1 nm thick) as ion-accessible “highway” channels, allowing ultrafast diffusion of IL ions. The film exhibits a high diffusion coefficient (3.68 × 10−10 m2 s−1), low activation energy (0.078 mJ mol−1) and extraordinary wettability in the IL electrolyte, indicating its superior IL ion dynamics. As a proof of concept, flexible ionogel SCs (FISCs) with tailorability and editability are fabricated, which exhibit a high energy density (10.5 mWh cm−3), high-power density, remarkable rate capability, and long-term durability, outperforming previously reported FISCs. Importantly, these FISCs can be effectively charged by harvesting sustainable power sources, particularly the rarely studied wind power, for practical applications.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication · Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · Advanced battery technologies research
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (40)
Show source-provided references
1. Dubal, D. P., Chodankar, N. R., Kim, D. H. & Gomez-Romero, P. Towards flexible solid-state supercapacitors for smart and wearable electronics. Chem. Soc. Rev. 47, 2065–2129 (2018).10.1039/C7CS00505A ↗
2. Cai, X. K., Luo, Y. T., Liu, B. & Cheng, H. M. Preparation of 2D material dispersions and their applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 47, 6224–6266 (2018).10.1039/C8CS00254A ↗
3. Yang, B. C. et al. Flexible black-phosphorus nanoflake/carbon nanotube composite paper for high-performance all-solid-state supercapacitors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 44478–44484 (2017).10.1021/acsami.7b13572 ↗
4. Li, Q. W. et al. Spatially confined synthesis of vanadium nitride nanodots intercalated carbon nanosheets with ultrahigh volumetric capacitance and long life for flexible supercapacitors. Nano Energy 51, 128–136 (2018).10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.06.053 ↗
5. Yu, L. Y. et al. MXene-bonded activated carbon as a flexible electrode for high-performance supercapacitors. ACS Energy Lett. 3, 1597–1603 (2018).10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00718 ↗
6. Lai, F. L. et al. Breaking the limits of ionic liquid-based supercapacitors: mesoporous carbon electrodes functionalized with manganese oxide nanosplotches for dense, stable, and wide-temperature energy storage. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28, 1801298 (2018).10.1002/adfm.201801298 ↗
7. Li, J. et al. Interactions between graphene and ionic liquid electrolyte in supercapacitors. Electrochim. Acta 197, 84–91 (2016).10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.036 ↗
8. Simotwo, S. K., Chinnam, P. R., Wunder, S. L. & Kalra, V. Highly durable, self-standing solid-state supercapacitor based on an ionic liquid-rich ionogel and porous carbon nanofiber electrodes. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 33749–33757 (2017).10.1021/acsami.7b07479 ↗
9. Feng, L. X. et al. Flexible solid-state supercapacitors with enhanced performance from hierarchically graphene nanocomposite electrodes and ionic liquid incorporated gel polymer electrolyte. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28, 1704463 (2018).10.1002/adfm.201704463 ↗
10. Li, J., Wang, N., Tian, J. R., Qian, W. Z. & Chu, W. Cross-coupled macro-mesoporous carbon network toward record high energy-power density supercapacitor at 4 V. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28, 1870360 (2018).10.1002/adfm.201870360 ↗
11. Yan, R. Y., Antonietti, M. & Oschatz, M. Toward the experimental understanding of the energy storage mechanism and ion dynamics in ionic liquid based supercapacitors. Adv. Energy Mater. 8, 1800026 (2018).10.1002/aenm.201800026 ↗
12. Peng, L. L., Fang, Z. W., Zhu, Y., Yan, C. S. & Yu, G. H. Holey 2D nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage. Adv. Energy Mater. 8, 1702179 (2018).10.1002/aenm.201702179 ↗
13. Guo, F. et al. Facile bottom-up preparation of Cl-doped porous g-C3N4 nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline under visible light. Sep. Purif. Technol. 228, 115770 (2019).10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115770 ↗
14. Xiao, Y. T. et al. Molecule self-assembly synthesis of porous few-layer carbon nitride for highly efficient photoredox catalysis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 2508–2515 (2019).10.1021/jacs.8b12428 ↗
15. Guo, F. et al. 2D/2D Z-scheme heterojunction of CuInS2/g-C3N4 for enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of tetracycline. Sep. Purif. Technol. 210, 608–615 (2019).10.1016/j.seppur.2018.08.055 ↗
16. Yang, L. Q. et al. A surface modification resultant thermally oxidized porous g-C3N4 with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production. Appl. Catal. B 204, 335–345 (2017).10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.11.047 ↗
17. Li, X. D. et al. Smart hybrids of Zn2GeO4 nanoparticles and ultrathin g-C3N4 layers: synergistic lithium storage and excellent electrochemical performance. Adv. Funct. Mater. 25, 6858–6866 (2015).10.1002/adfm.201502938 ↗
18. Han, M. N. et al. Efficient bifunctional Co/N dual-doped carbon electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reaction. Carbon 153, 575–584 (2019).10.1016/j.carbon.2019.07.075 ↗
19. Dong, B. T. et al. Formation of g-C3N4@Ni(OH)2 honeycomb nanostructure and asymmetric supercapacitor with high energy and power density. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 17890–17896 (2017).10.1021/acsami.7b02693 ↗
20. Li, Z. C., Wu, L., Wang, L. B., Gu, A. J. & Zhou, Q. F. Nickel cobalt sulfide nanosheets uniformly anchored on porous graphitic carbon nitride for supercapacitors with high cycling performance. Electrochim. Acta 231, 617–625 (2017).10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.087 ↗
21. Zhang, L. et al. Enhanced supercapacitive performance of graphite-like C3N4 assembled with NiAl-layered double hydroxide. Electrochim. Acta 186, 292–301 (2015).10.1016/j.electacta.2015.10.192 ↗
22. Zhao, Y. et al. Facile preparation of TiO2/C3N4 hybrid materials with enhanced capacitive properties for high performance supercapacitors. J. Alloys Compd. 702, 178–185 (2017).10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.01.125 ↗
23. Duan, J. J., Chen, S., Jaroniec, M. & Qiao, S. Z. Porous C3N4 nanolayers@N-graphene films as catalyst electrodes for highly efficient hydrogen evolution. ACS Nano 9, 931–940 (2015).10.1021/nn506701x ↗
24. Zang, X. B. et al. Flexible, temperature-tolerant supercapacitor based on hybrid carbon film electrodes. Nano Energy 40, 224–232 (2017).10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.08.026 ↗
25. Zhang, L., Huang, Y., Zhang, Y., Fan, W. & Liu, T. Three-dimensional nanoporous graphene-carbon nanotube hybrid frameworks for confinement of SnS2 nanosheets: flexible and binder-free Papers with highly reversible lithium storage. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 27823–27830 (2015).10.1021/acsami.5b09115 ↗
26. Xu, C. et al. Interweaving metal- organic framework- templated Co- Ni layered double hydroxide nanocages with nanocellulose and carbon nanotubes to make flexible and foldable electrodes for energy storage devices. J. Mater. Chem. A 6, 24050–24057 (2018).10.1039/C8TA10133G ↗
27. Christoforidis, K. C. et al. Metal-free dual-phase full organic carbon nanotubes/g-C3N4 heteroarchitectures for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Nano Energy 50, 468–478 (2018).10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.05.070 ↗
28. Jin, Y., Chen, H., Chen, M., Liu, N. & Li, Q. Graphene-patched CNT/MnO2 nanocomposite papers for the electrode of high-performance flexible asymmetric supercapacitors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5, 3408–3416 (2013).10.1021/am400457x ↗
29. Ma, T. Y., Dai, S., Jaroniec, M. & Qiao, S. Z. Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet-carbon nanotube three-dimensional porous composites as high-performance oxygen evolution electrocatalysts. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 53, 7281–7285 (2014).10.1002/anie.201403946 ↗
30. Liu, Q. & Zhang, J. Y. Graphene supported Co-g-C3N4 as a novel metal-macrocyclic electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells. Langmuir 29, 3821–3828 (2013).10.1021/la400003h ↗
31. Xu, J., Zhang, R., Chen, P. & Ge, S. Effects of adding ethanol to KOH electrolyte on electrochemical performance of titanium carbide-derived carbon. J. Power Sources 246, 132–140 (2014).10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.07.069 ↗
32. Xu, J. et al. Electrochemical performance of graphitized carbide-derived-carbon with hierarchical micro- and meso-pores in alkaline electrolyte. Carbon 74, 226–236 (2014).10.1016/j.carbon.2014.03.026 ↗
33. Zhang, J. et al. Fabrication of Novel ternary three-dimensional RuO2/graphitic-C3N4@reduced graphene oxide aerogel composites for supercapacitors. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 5, 4982–4991 (2017).10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00358 ↗
34. Bellanger, H., Darmanin, T., Taffin de Givenchy, E. & Guittard, F. Chemical and physical pathways for the preparation of superoleophobic surfaces and related wetting theories. Chem. Rev. 114, 2694–2716 (2014).10.1021/cr400169m ↗
35. Su, B., Tian, Y. & Jiang, L. Bioinspired interfaces with superwettability: from materials to chemistry. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138, 1727–1748 (2016).10.1021/jacs.5b12728 ↗
36. Shen, B. S. et al. A high-temperature flexible supercapacitor based on pseudocapacitive behavior of FeOOH in an ionic liquid electrolyte. J. Mater. Chem. A 4, 8316–8327 (2016).10.1039/C6TA01734G ↗
37. Ujjain, S. K., Sahu, V., Sharma, R. K. & Singh, G. High performance, all solid state, flexible supercapacitor based on ionic liquid functionalized graphene. Electrochim. Acta 157, 245–251 (2015).10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.061 ↗
38. Chen, J. Z., Fang, K. L., Chen, Q. Y., Xu, J. L. & Wong, C. P. Integrated paper electrodes derived from cotton stalks for high-performance flexible supercapacitors. Nano Energy 53, 337–344 (2018).10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.08.056 ↗
39. Zhou, J. et al. A conductive and highly deformable all-pseudocapacitive composite paper as supercapacitor electrode with improved areal and volumetric capacitance. Small 14, 1803786 (2018).10.1002/smll.201803786 ↗
40. Pandey, G. P. & Hashmi, S. A. Performance of solid-state supercapacitors with ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate based gel polymer electrolyte and modified MWCNT electrodes. Electrochim. Acta 105, 333–341 (2013).10.1016/j.electacta.2013.05.018 ↗