In situ/operando synchrotron-based X-ray techniques for lithium-ion battery research
Source abstract
Abstract
Lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology is the most attractive technology for energy storage systems in today’s market. However, further improvements and optimizations are still required to solve challenges such as energy density, cycle life, and safety. Addressing these challenges in LIBs requires a fundamental understanding of the reaction mechanisms in various physical/chemical processes during LIB operation. Advanced in situ/operando synchrotron-based X-ray characterization techniques are powerful tools for providing valuable information about the complicated reaction mechanisms in LIBs. In this review, several state-of-the-art in situ/operando synchrotron-based X-ray techniques and their combination with other characterization tools for battery research are introduced. Various in situ cell configurations and practical operating tips for cell design and experimental set-ups are also discussed. The mechanisms that shorten lithium-ion battery lifetimes and cause safety issues can be identified using advanced x-ray light source at National Synchrotron Light Source II. Xiao-Qing Yang from Brookhaven National Laboratory in the USA and Xiqian Yu at the Chinese Academy of Science in Beijing review efforts to look inside working batteries using synchrotron-generated X-rays with a specially designed in situ cell. These experiments can record the changes of lithium battery electrodes, such as the evolution of structures as the battery during charge-discharge by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and the complementary techniques including X-ray absorption spectroscopy, which can pinpoint the individual element responsible for improving the battery’s performance and lifetime. Testing battery with different electrochemical history can be removed and re-inserted into the synchrotron beam to track individual nanostructures as the battery cycles and ages. Advanced in situ/operando synchrotron based X-ray characterization techniques are powerful tools in providing valuable information about the complicate reaction mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries. In this review, the state-of-the-art of in situ/operando synchrotron-based X-ray techniques and their combination for battery research are introduced. Various types of in situ cell designs and practical operation tips for experimental set ups are also discussed.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advancements in Battery Materials · Advanced Battery Technologies Research · Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (61)
Show source-provided references
1. Armand, M. & Tarascon, J. M. Building better batteries. Nature 451, 652–657 (2008).10.1038/451652a ↗
2. Lin, F. et al. Synchrotron X-ray analytical techniques for studying materials electrochemistry in rechargeable batteries. Chem. Rev. 117, 13123–13186 (2017).10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00007 ↗
3. Harks, P. P. R. M. L., Mulder, F. M. & Notten, P. H. L. In situ methods for Li-ion battery research: a review of recent developments. J. Power Sources 288, 92–105 (2015).10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.04.084 ↗
4. Yang, J. et al. In situ analyses for ion storage materials. Chem. Soc. Rev. 45, 5717–5770 (2016).10.1039/C5CS00734H ↗
5. Grey, C. P. & Tarascon, J. M. Sustainability and in situ monitoring in battery development. Nat. Mater. 16, 45–56 (2017).10.1038/nmat4777 ↗
6. Hu, Y. Y. et al. Origin of additional capacities in metal oxide lithium-ion battery electrodes. Nat. Mater. 12, 1130–1136 (2013).10.1038/nmat3784 ↗
7. Yoon, W. S. et al. Investigation of the charge compensation mechanism on the electrochemically Li-ion deintercalated Li1-xCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 electrode system by combination of soft and hard X-ray absorption spectroscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 17479–17487 (2005).10.1021/ja0530568 ↗
8. Yoon, W. S., Grey, C. P., Balasubramanian, M., Yang, X. Q. & McBreen, J. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopic study on LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cathode material during electrochemical cycling. Chem. Mater. 15, 3161–3169 (2003).10.1021/cm030220m ↗
9. Kim, H. et al. New insight into the reaction mechanism for exceptional capacity of ordered mesoporous SnO2 electrodes via synchrotron-based X-ray analysis. Chem. Mater. 26, 6361–6370 (2014).10.1021/cm5025603 ↗
10. Gauthier, M. et al. Electrode-electrolyte interface in Li-ion batteries: current understanding and new insights. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6, 4653–4672 (2015).10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01727 ↗
11. Borkiewicz, O. J. et al. The AMPIX electrochemical cell: a versatile apparatus for in situ X-ray scattering and spectroscopic measurements. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 45, 1261–1269 (2012).10.1107/S0021889812042720 ↗
12. Liu, H. et al. A radially accessible tubular in situ X-ray cell for spatially resolved operando scattering and spectroscopic studies of electrochemical energy storage devices. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 49, 1665–1673 (2016).10.1107/S1600576716012632 ↗
13. Liu, X. S. et al. Distinct charge dynamics in battery electrodes revealed by in situ and operando soft X-ray spectroscopy. Nat. Commun. 4, 2568 (2013).10.1038/ncomms3568 ↗
14. Wang, J., Eng, C., Chen-Wiegart, Y. C. & Wang, J. Probing three-dimensional sodiation-desodiation equilibrium in sodium-ion batteries by in situ hard X-ray nanotomography. Nat. Commun. 6, 7496 (2015).10.1038/ncomms8496 ↗
15. Zhou, Y. N. et al. High-rate charging induced intermediate phases and structural changes of layer-structured cathode for lithium-ion batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 6, 1600597 (2016).10.1002/aenm.201600597 ↗
16. Liu, H. et al. Capturing metastable structures during high-rate cycling of LiFePO4 nanoparticle electrodes. Science 344, 1252817 (2014).10.1126/science.1252817 ↗
17. Muhammad, S. et al. Evidence of reversible oxygen participation in anomalously high capacity Li- and Mn-rich cathodes for Li-ion batteries. Nano Energy 21, 172–184 (2016).10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.12.027 ↗
18. Yang, Z. Z. et al. In situ high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies and first principles modeling of alpha-MnO2 electrodes in Li-O2 and Li-ion coin cells. J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 7389–7398 (2015).10.1039/C4TA06633B ↗
19. Storm, M. M., Johnsen, R. E., Younesi, R. & Norby, P. Capillary based Li-air batteries for in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction studies. J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 3113–3119 (2015).10.1039/C4TA04291C ↗
20. Wang, J. J., Chen-Wiegart, Y. C. K. & Wang, J. In operando tracking phase transformation evolution of lithium iron phosphate with hard X-ray microscopy. Nat. Commun. 5, 4570 (2014).10.1038/ncomms5570 ↗
21. Liu, Q. et al. Rate-dependent, Li-ion insertion/deinsertion behavior of LiFePO4 cathodes in commercial 18650 LiFePO4cells. Acs Appl. Mater. Inter. 6, 3282–3289 (2014).10.1021/am405150c ↗
22. Yu, X. Q. et al. Direct observation of the redistribution of sulfur and polysufides in Li-S batteries during the first cycle by in situ X-ray fluorescence microscopy. Adv. Energy Mater. 5, 1500072 (2015).10.1002/aenm.201500072 ↗
23. Seeck, O. H ., & Murphy, B . X-Ray Diffraction: Modern Experimental Techniques. (CRC Press: New York, 2015).10.1201/b15674 ↗
24. Toby, B. H. & Dreele, R. B. V. GSAS-II: the genesis of a modern open-source all purpose crystallography software package. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 46, 544–549 (2013).10.1107/S0021889813003531 ↗
25. Qiu, X., Thompson, J. W. & Billinge, S. J. L. PDFgetX2: a GUI-driven program to obtain the pair distribution function from X-ray powder diffraction data. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 37, 678 (2004).10.1107/S0021889804011744 ↗
26. Calvin, S. XAFS for Everyone. (CRC Press, New York, 2013).10.1201/b14843 ↗
27. Ravel, B. & Newville, M. ATHENA, ARTEMIS, HEPHAESTUS: data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy using IFEFFIT. J. Synchrotron Radiat. 12, 537–541 (2005).10.1107/S0909049505012719 ↗
28. Liu, Y. et al. TXM-Wizard: a program for advanced data collection and evaluation in full-field transmission X-ray microscopy. J. Synchrotron Radiat. 19, 281–287 (2012).10.1107/S0909049511049144 ↗
29. Zhou, Y. N. et al. Tuning charge-discharge induced unit cell breathing in layer-structured cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Nat. Commun. 5, 5381 (2014).10.1038/ncomms6381 ↗
30. Wiaderek, K. M. et al. Comprehensive insights into the structural and chemical changes in mixed-anion FeOF electrodes by using operando PDF and NMR spectroscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 4070–4078 (2013).10.1021/ja400229v ↗
31. Hua, X. et al. Comprehensive study of the CuF2 conversion reaction mechanism in a lithium ion battery. J. Phys. Chem. C. 118, 15169–15184 (2014).10.1021/jp503902z ↗
32. Borkiewicz, O. J., Chapman, K. W. & Chupas, P. J. Mapping spatially inhomogeneous electrochemical reactions in battery electrodes using high energy X-rays. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15, 8466–8469 (2013).10.1039/c3cp50590a ↗
33. Northrup, P., Leri, A. & Tappero, R. Applications of “tender” energy (1-5 kev) X-ray absorption spectroscopy in life sciences. Protein Pept. Lett. 23, 300–308 (2016).10.2174/0929866523666160107114505 ↗
34. Iwasawa, Y., Asakura, K. & Tada, M. XAFS Techniques for Catalyst, Nanomaterials, and Surfaces. (Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 2017).10.1007/978-3-319-43866-5 ↗
35. Stohr, J. NEXAFS Spectroscopy. (Springer: New York, 1992.10.1007/978-3-662-02853-7 ↗
36. Yu, X. Q. et al. Understanding the rate capability of high-energy-density Li-rich layered Li1.2Ni0.15Co0.1Mn0.55O2 cathode materials. Adv. Energy Mater. 4, 1300950 (2014).10.1002/aenm.201300950 ↗
37. Muller, O., Nachtegaal, M., Just, J., Lutzenkirchen-Hecht, D. & Frahm, R. Quick-exafs setup at the superxas beamline for in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy with 10 ms time resolution. J. Synchrotron Radiat. 23, 260–266 (2016).10.1107/S1600577515018007 ↗
38. Prestipino, C., Mathon, O., Hino, R., Beteva, A. & Pascarelli, S. Quick-EXAFS implementation on the general purpose exafs beamline at esrf. J. Synchrotron Radiat. 18, 176–182 (2011).10.1107/S0909049510046546 ↗
39. Orikasa, Y. et al. Ionic conduction in lithium ion battery composite electrode governs cross-sectional reaction distribution. Sci. Rep. 6, 26382 (2016).10.1038/srep26382 ↗
40. Miao, J. W., Ishikawa, T., Robinson, I. K. & Murnane, M. M. Beyond crystallography: diffractive imaging using coherent X-ray light sources. Science 348, 530–535 (2015).10.1126/science.aaa1394 ↗
41. Xu, Y. H. et al. In situ visualization of state-of-charge heterogeneity within a LiCoO2 particle that evolves upon cycling at different rates. Acs Energy Lett. 2, 1240–1245 (2017).10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00263 ↗
42. Ebner, M., Marone, F., Stampanoni, M. & Wood, V. Visualization and quantification of electrochemical and mechanical degradation in Li ion batteries. Science 342, 716–720 (2013).10.1126/science.1241882 ↗
43. Weker, J. N. et al. In situ nanotomography and operando transmission X-ray microscopy of micron-sized ge particles. Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 2771–2777 (2014).10.1039/C4EE01384K ↗
44. Lim, J. et al. Origin and hysteresis of lithium compositional spatiodynamics within battery primary particles. Science 353, 566–571 (2016).10.1126/science.aaf4914 ↗
45. Wang, J. J., Chen-Wiegart, Y. C. K. & Wang, J. In situ three-dimensional synchrotron X-ray nanotomography of the (de) lithiation processes in tin anodes. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 53, 4460–4464 (2014).10.1002/anie.201310402 ↗
46. Chao, S. C. et al. In situ transmission X-ray microscopy study on working SnO anode particle of Li-ion batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc. 158, A1335–A1339 (2011).10.1149/2.043112jes ↗
47. Chao, S. C. et al. Study on microstructural deformation of working sn and SnSb anode particles for Li-ion batteries by in situ transmission X-ray microscopy. J. Phys. Chem. C. 115, 22040–22047 (2011).10.1021/jp206829q ↗
48. Brushett, F. R., Trahey, L., Xiao, X. H. & Vaughey, J. T. Full-field synchrotron tomography of nongraphitic foam and laminate anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Acs Appl. Mater. Inter. 6, 4524–4534 (2014).10.1021/am5003124 ↗
49. Villevieille, C., Sasaki, T. & Novak, P. Novel electrochemical cell designed for operando techniques an dimpedance sudies. RSC Adv. Influence of conversion material morphology on electrochemistry studied with operando X-ray tomography and diffraction. Adv. Mater. 4, 6782–6789 (2014).
50. Yang, F. F. et al. Nanoscale morphological and chemical changes of high voltage lithium manganese rich nmc composite cathodes with cycling. Nano Lett. 14, 4334–4341 (2014).10.1021/nl502090z ↗
51. Lin, F. et al. Metal segregation in hierarchically structured cathode materials for high-energy lithium batteries. Nat. Energy 1, 15004 (2016).10.1038/nenergy.2015.4 ↗
52. Xu, Y. H. et al. Structural integrity-searching the key factor to suppress the voltage fade of Li-rich layered cathode materials through 3d X-ray imaging and spectroscopy techniques. Nano Energy 28, 164–171 (2016).10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.08.039 ↗
53. Li, Y. Y. et al. Dichotomy in the lithiation pathway of ellipsoidal and platelet LiFePO4 particles revealed through nanoscale operando state-of-charge imaging. Adv. Funct. Mater. 25, 3677–3687 (2015).10.1002/adfm.201500286 ↗
54. Li, Y. Y. et al. Current-induced transition from particle-by-particle to concurrent intercalation in phase-separating battery electrodes. Nat. Mater. 13, 1149–1156 (2014).10.1038/nmat4084 ↗
55. Ohmer, N. et al. Phase evolution in single-crystalline LiFePO4 followed by in situ scanning X-ray microscopy of a micrometre-sized battery. Nat. Commun. 6, 6045 (2015).10.1038/ncomms7045 ↗
56. Yu, Y. S. et al. Dependence on crystal size of the nanoscale chemical phase distribution and fracture in LixFePO4. Nano Lett. 15, 4282–4288 (2015).10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01314 ↗
57. Asakura, D. et al. Material/element-dependent fluorescence-yield modes on soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy of cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. AIP Adv. 6, 035105 (2016).10.1063/1.4943673 ↗
58. Liu, Y. J., Kiss, A. M., Larsson, D. H., Yang, F. F. & Pianetta, P. To get the most out of high resolution X-ray tomography: a review of the post-reconstruction analysis. Spectrochim. Acta B 117, 29–41 (2016).10.1016/j.sab.2016.01.002 ↗
59. Poizot, P., Laruelle, S., Grugeon, S., Dupont, L. & Tarascon, J. M. Nano-sized transition-metaloxides as negative-electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Nature 407, 496–499 (2000).10.1038/35035045 ↗
60. He, Y. et al. Shape evolution of patterned amorphous and polycrystalline silicon microarray thin film electrodes caused by lithium insertion and extraction. J. Power Sources 216, 131–138 (2012).10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.04.105 ↗
61. Tonin, G. et al. Multiscale characterization of a lithium/sulfur battery by coupling operando X-ray tomography and spatially-resolved diffraction. Sci. Rep. 7, 2755 (2017).10.1038/s41598-017-03004-4 ↗