Tough, self-healable and tissue-adhesive hydrogel with tunable multifunctionality

An ideal hydrogel for biomedical engineering should mimic the intrinsic properties of natural tissue, especially high toughness and self-healing ability, in order to withstand cyclic loading and repair skin and muscle damage. In addition, excellent cell affinity and tissue adhesiveness enable integration with the surrounding tissue after implantation. Inspired by the natural mussel adhesive mechanism, we designed a polydopamine–polyacrylamide (PDA–PAM) single network hydrogel by preventing the overoxidation of dopamine to maintain enough free catechol groups in the hydrogel. Therefore, the hydrogel possesses super stretchability, high toughness, stimuli-free self-healing ability, cell affinity and tissue adhesiveness. More remarkably, the current hydrogel can repeatedly be adhered on/stripped from a variety of surfaces for many cycles without loss of adhesion strength. Furthermore, the hydrogel can serve as an excellent platform to host various nano-building blocks, in which multiple functionalities are integrated to achieve versatile potential applications, such as magnetic and electrical therapies. A self-healing, super-resilient hydrogel that can accelerate skin regeneration has been made using an adhesive mechanism inspired by mussels. Hydrogels have similar structures to soft biological tissues and have great potential for tissue engineering applications. However, most are too fragile for use in the body and lack the ability to self-heal and adhere to tissue. Now, Xiong Lu from China's Southwest Jiaotong University and co-workers have synthesized a self-healing, super-resilient hydrogel using a process that preserves PDA's catechols – substances that impart mussels with high adhesiveness – when embedded in an elastic polymer matrix. The numerous non-covalent bonds between PDA catechols enable the hydrogel to perfectly re-form after being sliced open and help it stretch over 30 times its initial length without breaking. The material could also carry magnetic or conductive nanoparticles for future integrated healthcare applications. Inspired by mussel chemistry, a novel polydopamine–polyacrymide hydrogel simultaneously possesses super stretchability, stimuli-free self-healing properties, cell affinity and tissue adhesiveness. The current hydrogel lasts its adhesiveness for a long term, and can be repeatedly adhered on/stripped from a variety of substrates. The hydrogel can host various nano-building blocks and be tuned to magnetic and conductive hydrogels with above-mentioned properties.