Printability of nanocellulose-based inks and their application in anti-counterfeiting packaging
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Inkjet printing has become an important technology for functional patterning in packaging, electronics, and security applications. In ink formulations, the binder plays a key role in determining rheological behavior and jetting stability, which directly affects print fidelity. In this study, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF) were employed as a sustainable binder for water-based inks due to their shear-thinning behavior and film-forming capability. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were incorporated into the TOCNF system to explore the feasibility of functional formulations for fluorescent anti-counterfeiting. Rheological analysis showed that the inks exhibited pronounced shear-thinning behavior and rapid viscosity recovery in the three-interval thixotropy test, enabling stable droplet formation during inkjet printing. Optimal jetting stability and printing resolution were obtained at a TOCNF concentration of 0.5 |wt% and an oxidation level of 10 mmol/g NaClO. The CQD-loaded inks produced high-resolution printed patterns with stable fluorescence, indicating the potential of TOCNF-based formulations for fluorescent anti-counterfeiting applications in packaging.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Cellulose Research Studies · Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies · Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking and Paper-Based Materials , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , 510640 , China
References (41)
Show source-provided references
1. Arvidsson, R., Nguyen, D., and Svanström, M. (2015). Life cycle assessment of cellulose nanofibrils production by mechanical treatment and two different pretreatment processes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 49: 6881–6890, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b00888.10.1021/acs.est.5b00888 ↗
2. Atram, R.R., Manekar, B.A., Kondawar, S.B., Atram, R.G., and Koinkar, P. (2019). Graphene beaded carbon nanofibers/ZnO/polyaniline nanocomposites for high performance supercapacitor. Mod. Phys. Lett. B 33: 1940016, https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919400165.10.1142/S0217984919400165 ↗
3. Chen, Y., Zhang, C., Tao, S., Chai, H., Xu, D., Li, X., and Qi, H. (2023). High-performance smart cellulose nanohybrid aerogel fibers as a platform toward multifunctional textiles. Chem. Eng. J. 466: 143153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.143153.10.1016/j.cej.2023.143153 ↗
4. Cheng, Q., Guo, J., Cao, X., and Chang, C. (2022). The digital printing of chromatic pattern with a single cellulose nanocrystal ink. Chem. Eng. J. 439: 135670, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.135670.10.1016/j.cej.2022.135670 ↗
5. Derby, B. (2010). Inkjet printing of functional and structural materials: fluid property requirements, feature stability, and resolution. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 40: 395–414, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-070909-104502.10.1146/annurev-matsci-070909-104502 ↗
6. Durairaj, V., Liljeström, T., Wester, N., Engelhardt, P., Sainio, S., Wilson, B.P., Li, P., Kontturi, K.S., Tammelin, T., Laurila, T., et al.. (2022). Role of nanocellulose in tailoring electroanalytical performance of hybrid nanocellulose/multiwalled carbon nanotube electrodes. Cellulose 29: 9217–9233, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04836-8.10.1007/s10570-022-04836-8 ↗
7. Fromm, J.E. (1984). Numerical calculation of the fluid dynamics of drop-on-demand jets. IBM J. Res. Dev. 28: 322–333, https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.283.0322.10.1147/rd.283.0322 ↗
8. Fu, Q., Zhang, X., Wu, Y., Cao, K., and Yu, H. (2023). Preparation of highly luminescent carbon quantum dots and study of bioimaging. ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 12: 121004, https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ad105b.10.1149/2162-8777/ad105b ↗
9. Georgas, M., Selinis, P., Zardalidis, G., and Farmakis, F. (2023). Temperature sensors by inkjet printing compatible with flexible substrates: a review. IEEE Sensors J. 23: 21–33, https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2022.3213072.10.1109/JSEN.2022.3213072 ↗
10. Gong, L., Fu, H., Liu, L., Li, Z., Guo, J., Cao, Z., and Yao, J. (2022). Construction and performance of a nanocellulose–graphene-based humidity sensor with a fast response and excellent stability. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 4: 3656–3666, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.2c00188.10.1021/acsapm.2c00188 ↗
11. Hoeng, F., Denneulin, A., and Bras, J. (2016). Use of nanocellulose in printed electronics: a review. Nanoscale 8: 13131–13154, https://doi.org/10.1039/c6nr03054h.10.1039/C6NR03054H ↗
12. Isogai, A., Saito, T., and Fukuzumi, H. (2011). TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers. Nanoscale 3: 71–85, https://doi.org/10.1039/c0nr00583e.10.1039/C0NR00583E ↗
13. Jung, M., Kim, K., Kim, B., Lee, K.-J., Kang, J.-W., and Jeon, S. (2017). Vertically stacked nanocellulose tactile sensor. Nanoscale 9: 17212–17219, https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nr03685j.10.1039/C7NR03685J ↗
14. Kant, C., Mahmood, S., and Katiyar, M. (2023). Large‐area inkjet‐printed OLEDs patterns and tiles using small molecule phosphorescent dopant. Adv. Mater. Technol. 8: 2201514, https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202201514.10.1002/admt.202201514 ↗
15. Kusber, A., Gaida, R.J., Dziubek, K., and Wit, M. (2024). The role of resin in optimizing the performance and printing properties of water-based inkjet inks for food packaging. Pigm. Resin Technol. 53: 824–832, https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-12-2022-0153.10.1108/PRT-12-2022-0153 ↗
16. Li, P., Zeng, J., Wang, B., Cheng, Z., Xu, J., Gao, W., and Chen, K. (2020). Waterborne fluorescent dual anti-counterfeiting ink based on Yb/Er-carbon quantum dots grafted with dialdehyde nano-fibrillated cellulose. Carbohydr. Polym. 247: 116721, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116721.10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116721 ↗
17. Li, Y., Chen, Y., He, X., Xiang, Z., Heinze, T., and Qi, H. (2022). Lignocellulose nanofibril/gelatin/MXene composite aerogel with fire-warning properties for enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding performance. Chem. Eng. J. 431: 133907, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.133907.10.1016/j.cej.2021.133907 ↗
18. Lim, S., Park, S., Moon, S.M., Yoo, J., Choi, J.H., Park, J.H., Lee, S., Min, H., Kim, Y.-T., Lee, C., et al.. (2023). Paper-based inkjet-printed carbon nanotube colorimetric chemiresistors for detection of chemical warfare agents. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 6: 19955–19962, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.3c03762.10.1021/acsanm.3c03762 ↗
19. Liu, J., Li, R., and Yang, B. (2020). Carbon dots: a new type of carbon-based nanomaterial with wide applications. ACS Cent. Sci. 6: 2179–2195, https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.0c01306.10.1021/acscentsci.0c01306 ↗
20. Manikandan, N.A., McCann, R., Kakavas, D., Rochfort, K.D., Sreenilayam, S.P., Alkan, G., Stornetta, T., McGivern, A.R., Grintzalis, K., Friedrich, B., et al.. (2023). Production of silver nano-inks and surface coatings for anti-microbial food packaging and its ecological impact. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24: 5341, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065341.10.3390/ijms24065341 ↗
21. Mondal, S. (2017). Preparation, properties and applications of nanocellulosic materials. Carbohydr. Polym. 163: 301–316, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.12.050.10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.12.050 ↗
22. Nachimuthu, M. and Pk, R. (2023). Inkjet four-dimensional printing of shape memory polymers: a review. Rapid Prototyping J. 29: 437–446, https://doi.org/10.1108/rpj-08-2021-0198.10.1108/RPJ-08-2021-0198 ↗
23. Ngoensawat, U., Parnsubsakul, A., Kaitphaiboonwet, S., Wutikhun, T., Sapcharoenkun, C., Pienpinijtham, P., and Ekgasit, S. (2021). Luminescent nanohybrid of ZnO quantum dot and cellulose nanocrystal as anti-counterfeiting ink. Carbohydr. Polym. 262: 117864, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117864.10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117864 ↗
24. Ning, H., Zhou, S., Xu, Z., Fang, Z., Zhong, J., Yang, Y., Fu, X., Yao, R., and Peng, J. (2021). 48.1: invited paper: inkjet printing of homogeneous and green cellulose nanofibrils dielectric for high performance IGZO TFTs. SID Symposium Digest Tech. Pap. 52, pp. 580–581.10.1002/sdtp.15209 ↗
25. Puangsin, B., Fujisawa, S., Kuramae, R., Saito, T., and Isogai, A. (2013). TEMPO-mediated oxidation of hemp bast holocellulose to prepare cellulose nanofibrils dispersed in water. J. Polym. Environ. 21: 555–563, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-012-0548-9.10.1007/s10924-012-0548-9 ↗
26. Puangsin, B., Yang, Q., Saito, T., and Isogai, A. (2013). Comparative characterization of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril films prepared from non-wood resources. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 59: 208–213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.016.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.016 ↗
27. Qu, R., Wang, Y., Li, D., and Wang, L. (2021). The study of rheological properties and microstructure of carboxylated nanocellulose as influenced by level of carboxylation. Food Hydrocolloids 121: 106985, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106985.10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106985 ↗
28. Qu, S., Wang, X., Lu, Q., Liu, X., and Wang, L. (2012). A biocompatible fluorescent ink based on water‐soluble luminescent carbon nanodots. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 51: 12215–12218, https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201206791.10.1002/anie.201206791 ↗
29. Saito, T. and Isogai, A. (2005). Ion-exchange behavior of carboxylate groups in fibrous cellulose oxidized by the TEMPO-mediated system. Carbohydr. Polym. 61: 183–190, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.04.009.10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.04.009 ↗
30. Saito, T., Nishiyama, Y., Putaux, J.-L., Vignon, M., and Isogai, A. (2006). Homogeneous suspensions of individualized microfibrils from TEMPO-catalyzed oxidation of native cellulose. Biomacromolecules 7: 1687–1691, https://doi.org/10.1021/bm060154s.10.1021/bm060154s ↗
31. Shah, M.A., Lee, D.-G., Lee, B.-Y., and Hur, S. (2021). Classifications and applications of inkjet printing technology: a review. IEEE Access 9: 140079–140102, https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3119219.10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3119219 ↗
32. Sun, Y.-P., Zhou, B., Lin, Y., Wang, W., Fernando, K.A.S., Pathak, P., Meziani, M.J., Harruff, B.A., Wang, X., Wang, H., et al.. (2006). Quantum-sized carbon dots for bright and colorful photoluminescence. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128: 7756–7757, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062677d.10.1021/ja062677d ↗
33. Tang, A., Ji, J., Li, J., Liu, W., Wang, J., Sun, Q., and Li, Q. (2021). Nanocellulose/PEGDA aerogels with tunable poisson’s ratio fabricated by stereolithography for mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell culture. Nanomaterials 11: 603, https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030603.10.3390/nano11030603 ↗
34. Tang, A., Liu, Y., Wang, Q., Chen, R., Liu, W., Fang, Z., and Wang, L. (2016). A new photoelectric ink based on nanocellulose/CdS quantum dots for screen-printing. Carbohydr. Polym. 148: 29–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.034.10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.034 ↗
35. Wang, S., Gao, Y., Huang, Q., Guo, X., Yang, A., Zhang, Y., Zhuang, Q., Chen, D., Chen, L., Ju, X., et al.. (2022). Inkjet‐printed xerogel scaffolds enabled room‐temperature fabrication of high‐quality metal electrodes for flexible electronics. Adv. Funct. Mater. 32: 2203730, https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202203730.10.1002/adfm.202203730 ↗
36. Wei, B., Chen, G., and Wang, Q. (2022). A high-performance flexible piezoresistive sensor based on a nanocellulose/carbon-nanotube/polyvinyl-alcohol composite with a wrinkled microstructure. IEEE Sensors J. 22: 15834–15843, https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2022.3189053.10.1109/JSEN.2022.3189053 ↗
37. Yin, Z., Huang, Y., Bu, N., Wang, X., and Xiong, Y. (2010). Inkjet printing for flexible electronics: materials, processes and equipments. Chin. Sci. Bull. 55: 3383–3407, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-010-3251-y.10.1007/s11434-010-3251-y ↗
38. Zhang, H., Xu, Y., Luo, M., Zhang, C., Gu, X., Li, Z., and Ye, S. (2023). Integrated food quality monitoring QR code labels with simultaneous temperature and freshness sensing in real-time. J. Food Measurement and Characterization 17: 4834–4842, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-023-02007-2.10.1007/s11694-023-02007-2 ↗
39. Zhao, F., Liu, Z., Sui, S., Huang, K., Yang, Y., Chen, Z., and Yin, H. (2023). Surficial amino groups coupling induced concentration-dependent fluorescence and fluorescence quantum yield of nitrogen-dopped carbon quantum dots via efficient charge transfer. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Mole. Biomole. Spectroscopy 294: 122542, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2023.122542.10.1016/j.saa.2023.122542 ↗
40. Zhao, X., Zhang, M., and Zhang, Z. (2022). Ultra-fast microwave-assisted synthesis of photoluminescent carbon dots with an ultra-high quantum yield for H2O2 detection. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 10: 109008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.109008.10.1016/j.jece.2022.109008 ↗
41. Zhou, J., Shan, T., Luo, H., Boury, B., Xu, X., Wu, H., Zhang, F., and Xiao, H. (2023). Enhanced single-electron transfer for efficiently photocatalytic H2O2 production over g-C3N4 decorated with TEMPO-oxidized cellulosic carbon. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 11: 109512, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.109512.10.1016/j.jece.2023.109512 ↗