journal article·2018-07-26

Preparation and characterization of AKD sizing agent by “one-pot cooking”

Lian Qing Huang, Xiao Ming Song, Lu Qing Cui, Shan Shan Gao, Fu Shan Chen, Song Lin Wang, Jing Lin Liu

Publisher page

Abstract

Abstract Alkyl ketone dimer (AKD) is a reactive sizing agent commonly used in neutral or alkaline papermaking. Most traditional methods consist in preparing the AKD emulsion and then adding it to a starch solution. In this study, the preparation process of the AKD sizing liquid was improved and optimized. A novel preparation method of the AKD sizing agent was proposed. The effects of different reaction parameters, such as temperature, time, stirring speed, emulsifier dosage and solid content were investigated. The optimum conditions for preparing the AKD sizing agent were determined, and the sizing liquid was characterized. It was found that the water resistance of the coated paper was the highest when the reaction was carried out at 75 °C for 20 min, at a stirring speed of 700 r/min, with the emulsifier dosage of 9 % and solids content of 15 %.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Cellulose Research Studies · Material Properties and Processing · Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Qingdao University of Science and Technology , No. 53 Zhengzhou Road , Qingdao City , Shandong Province , China

Department of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology , Ministry of Education , Qilu University of Technology / Key Laboratory of Shandong Province Qilu University of Technology , Jinan 250353 , China

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China · Department of Education of Shandong Province · Shandong Province · Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province · South China University of Technology · China Postdoctoral Science Foundation

References (29)

Show source-provided references
1. Bottorff, K. J. (1994) AKD sizing mechanism: a more definitive description. Tappi J. 77(4):105–116.
2. Cai, Q. H. (2011) A new type of liquid AKD surface sizing agent. International Papermaking 01:45–46.
3. Chen, F. S., Shang, X. L., Song, X. M. (2013) Synthesis and application of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride [J]. Paper Science and Technology 1(2):45–49.
4. Dai, H. Q., Zheng, T. (1999) Preparation of AKD_LT neutral alkaline papermaking sizing agent. J. Nanjing Forestry University 23(01):33–37.
5. Fei, G. Q., Shen, Y. D., Wang, H. H. and Gong, B. H. (2008) Preparation and mechanism of macromolecule based AKD emulsion. China Papermaking 06:30–33.
6. Feng, S. D. (2013) Study on viscosity control factors of polymer solution in daqing oilfield. Northeast Petroleum University. pp. 60–80.
7. Garnier, G., Marylise, Bertin A., Smrckova, M. (1999) Wetting dynamics of alkyl ketene dimer on cellulosic model surfaces. Langmuir 15(22):7863–7869.10.1021/la990297i ↗
8. Girardi, F. (1989) In: Proc. Tappi papermakers conference. Tappi Press, Atanta. pp. 205.
9. Hardell, H. L., Woodbury, S. E. (2002) A new method for the analysis of AKD oligomers in papermaking systems. Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 17(3):340–345.10.3183/npprj-2002-17-03-p340-345 ↗
10. Isogai, A., Taniguchi, R., Onabe, F. (1992) Sizing mechanism of alkyl ketene dimers, 2: Deterioration of alkyl ketene dimer emulsion. Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 07(4):205–211.10.3183/npprj-1992-07-04-p205-211 ↗
11. Jin, X. H., Chen, F. S., Wang, G. S., Xing, R. W. (2008) Preparation of new highly effective AKD emulsion and effect of sizing synergism. Paper and Papermaking 27(2):56–60.
12. Kumar S, Chauhan V. S., Chakrabarti S. K., (2012) Separation and analysis techniques for bound and unbound alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) in paper: A review. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 9:S1636–S1642.10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.04.019 ↗
13. Lindström, T., Söderberg, G. (1986) On the mechanism of sizing with alkyl ketene dimers, 1: Studies on the amount of alkyl ketene dimer required for sizing different pulps [AKD, reaction mechanism] Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 1:26–33.10.3183/npprj-1986-01-01-p026-033 ↗
14. Liu, W. X. and Qiu, H. Y. Paper wet chemical. Chemical Industry Press, Beijing. pp. 35–96, 2006.
15. Minami, T., Mayama, H., Tsujii, K. (2008) Spontaneous formation of super water-repellent fractal surfaces in mixed wax systems. J. Phys. Chem. B 112(46):14620–14627.10.1021/jp802268j ↗
16. Mohammadi, R. J., Wassink, A., Amirfazli, A. (2004) Effect of surfactants on wetting of Super-Hydrophobic surfaces. Langmuir 20(22):9657–9662.10.1021/la049268k ↗
17. Peng, Y., He, B., Zhao, L., Zhao, G. L. (2014) Effect of Pre-flocculation of Lime Mud CaCO3 Filler on AKD Sizing Efficiency. Bioresources 9(4):5976–5987.10.15376/biores.9.4.5976-5987 ↗
18. Seppänen, R., Tiberg, F., Valignat, M. P. (2010) Mechanism of internal sizing by alkyl ketene dimers (AKD): The role of the spreading monolayer precursor and autophobicity. Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 15(5):452–458.10.3183/npprj-2000-15-05-p452-458 ↗
19. Shen, W., Xu, F., Parker, I. H. (2003) An experimental investigation of the redistribution behavior of alkyl ketene dimers and their corresponding ketones. Colloids Surf. A, Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 212(2–3):197–209.10.1016/S0927-7757(02)00303-5 ↗
20. Sjöström, E., Alén, R. Analytical methods in wood chemistry, pulping and papermaking. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 45–93, 1999.10.1007/978-3-662-03898-7 ↗
21. Song, X. M., Chen, F. S., Wang, S. L., Liu, F. S., Wu, H. P., Xu, H. F. (2011) Analysis of reactivity of alkyl ketene dimers (AKD) with ethanol and characterization of reactants structure. Acta Chim. Sin. 69(23):2796–2800.
22. Taniguchi, R., Isogai, A., Onabe, F. (1993) Sizing mechanism of alkyl ketene dimers3: Appearance of sizing features of AKD-sized sheets. Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 8(4):352–357.10.3183/npprj-1993-08-04-p352-357 ↗
23. Voutilainen, P. (1996) In: Proc. Intl. Paper and coating chemistry symposium, CPPA, Pointe Claire, Quebec. pp. 195.
24. Wang, J. X., Liu, W. X. (2011) Review of AKD sizing mechanism. Paper and Papermaking 30(03):47–50.
25. Wang, J., Liu, L., Wang Z. J., Yu, Y. J. (2014) AKD Sizing Efficiency of Paper Filled with CaCO3 from the Kraft Causticizing Process. Bioresources 9(1):143–149.10.15376/biores.9.1.143-149 ↗
26. Yang, S. S., Shen, Y. D., Fei, G. Q. (2014) Preparation of solid reactive AKD sizing agent and its application in corrugated paper. Paper and Papermaking 33(03):57–60.
27. Yu, L., Garnier, G. (2002) The role of vapour deposition during internal sizing: A comparative study between ASA and AKD. J. Pulp Pap. Sci. 28(10):327–331.
28. Zhang, S. B., Feng, X. Z., (2008) Experimental Research on Compressive Strength of Corrugated Box [J]. Packaging Engineering 29(9):10–11.
29. Zhu, M. H., Hu, P. (2008) Instrumental analysis. Higher Education Press, Beijing. pp. 289–322.