Microfibrillated cellulose coatings for biodegradable electronics
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract There is an increasing need for inexpensive biodegradable sensors that can be easily employed in networks such as the Internet of Things. Paper materials are renewable, biodegradable, and sustainable, and thus could be used as substrates for electronic sensors. This work examined two commodity cellulose materials, an envelope paper and a linerboard, as potential substrates. A multistage coating process was developed to create a smooth surface for screen-printing of sensors using inexpensive microfibrillated cellulose. Employing this process, approximately 10 g m−2 of microfibrillated cellulose was deposited, enhancing the mechanical performance of the coated materials compared with their uncoated counterparts. Sensors printed on the microfibrillated cellulose-coated substrates had reasonable electronic performance compared with those printed on a polymer substrate. Results indicate that further reducing surface roughness would be helpful for sensor performance.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Cellulose Research Studies · Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging · Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology , Terre Haute , IN , USA
Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
Forest Products Laboratory , 17133 USDA, Forest Service , Madison , WI , USA
Funding
Private-Public Partnership for Nanotechnology in the Forestry Sector
References (34)
Show source-provided references
1. Anikushin, B.M., Lagutin, P.G., Kanbetova, A.M., Novikov, A.A., and Vinokurov, V.A. (2022). Zeta potential of nanosized particles of cellulose as a function of pH. Chem. Tech. Fuels Oils 57: 913–916, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10553-022-01328-0.10.1007/s10553-022-01328-0 ↗
2. Azrak, S.M.E.A., Gohl, J.A., Moon, R.J., Schueneman, G.T., Davis, C.S., and Youngblood, J.P. (2021). Controlled dispersion and setting of cellulose nanofibril – carboxymethyl cellulose pastes. Cellulose 28: 9149–9168, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-04081-5.10.1007/s10570-021-04081-5 ↗
3. Baum, G.A. (1987) Polar diagrams of elastic stiffness: effect of machine variables. In: Proceedings: 1987 international paper Physics conference, pp. 161–166.10.7901/2169-3358-1987-1-161 ↗
4. Bossuyt, S. (2013) Optimized patterns for digital image correlation. In: Proceedings of the 2012 annual conference on experimental and applied mechanics, Volume 3: imaging methods for novel materials and challenging applications. Society for Experimental Mechanics, Springer, pp. 239–248.10.1007/978-1-4614-4235-6_34 ↗
5. Boufi, S., González, I., Delgado-Aguilar, M., Tarrès, Q., Àngels Pèlach, M., and Mutjé, P. (2016). Nanofibrillated cellulose as an additive in papermaking process: a review. Carbohydr. Polym. 154: 151–166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.117.10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.117 ↗
6. Brodin, F.W. and Eriksen, O. (2015). Preparation of individualised lignocellulose microfibrils based on thermomechanical pulp and their effect on paper properties. Nord. Pulp Paper Res. J. 30:443–451, https://doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2015-30-03-p443-451.10.3183/npprj-2015-30-03-p443-451 ↗
7. Butchosa, N. and Zhou, Q. (2014). Water redispersible cellulose nanofibrils adsorbed with carboxymethyl cellulose. Cellulose 21: 4349–4358, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0452-7.10.1007/s10570-014-0452-7 ↗
8. Christophliemk, H., Bohlin, E., Emilsson, P., and Järnström, L. (2023). Surface analyses of thin multiple layer barrier coatings of poly(vinyl alcohol) for paperboard. Coatings 13: 1489, https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13091489.10.3390/coatings13091489 ↗
9. Considine, J., Vahey, D., Evans, J., Turner, K., and Rowlands, R. (2011). Evaluation of strength-controlling defects in paper by stress concentration analyses. J. Compos. Mater. 46: 1323–1334, https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998311418262.10.1177/0021998311418262 ↗
10. Ferrer, A., Pal, L., and Hubbe, M. (2017). Nanocellulose in packaging: advances in barrier layer technologies. Ind. Crop. Prod. 95: 574–582, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.11.012.10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.11.012 ↗
11. Geng, J., O’Dell, J., Stark, N., Kitin, P., Zhang, X., and Zhu, J.Y. (2024). Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) barrier coating for extending banana shelf life. Food Hydrocolloids 150: 109671, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.109671.10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.109671 ↗
12. Gunderson, D.E., Considine, J.M., and Scott, C.T. (1988). The compressive load-strain curve of paperboard: rate of load and humidity effects. J. Pulp Pap. Sci. 14: J37–J41.
13. Henriksson, M., Berglund, L.A., Isaksson, P., Lindström, T., and Nishino, T. (2008). Cellulose nanopaper structures of high toughness. Biomacromolecules 9: 1579–1585, https://doi.org/10.1021/bm800038n.10.1021/bm800038n ↗
14. Hoeng, F., Denneulin, A., and Bras, J. (2016). Use of nanocellulose in printed electronics: a review. Nanoscale 8: 13131–13154, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NR03054H.10.1039/C6NR03054H ↗
15. Hoeng, F., Bras, J., Gicquel, E., Krosnicki, G., and Denneulin, A. (2017). Inkjet printing of nanocellulose–silver ink onto nanocellulose coated cardboard. RSC Adv. 7: 15372–15381, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA23667G.10.1039/C6RA23667G ↗
16. Hu, C., Zhao, Y., Li, K., Zhu, J.Y., and Gleisner, R. (2015). Optimizing cellulose fibrillation for the production of cellulose nanofibrils by a disk grinder. Holzforschung 69: 993–1000, https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2014-0219.10.1515/hf-2014-0219 ↗
17. Huang, J., Zhu, H., Chen, Y., Preston, C., Rohrbach, K., Cumings, J., and Hu, L. (2013). Highly transparent and flexible nanopaper transistors. ACS Nano 7: 2106–2113, https://doi.org/10.1021/nn304407r.10.1021/nn304407r ↗
18. Hult, E.-L., Iotti, M., and Lenes, M. (2010). Efficient approach to high barrier packaging using microfibrillar cellulose and shellac. Cellulose 17: 575–586, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-010-9408-8.10.1007/s10570-010-9408-8 ↗
19. Iyer, G.M. (2023). Design, characterization and fabrication of low-cost, passive, and biodegradable sensors for precision agriculture, PhD thesis. University of Pennsylvania, Available at: https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/59413.
20. Iyer, G.M., Machold, M., Zaccarin, A.-M., Olsson, R.H., and Turner, K.T. Biodegradable nanocellulose coated paper for screen printed electronics. To be submitted.
21. Iyer, G.M., Zaccarin, A.-M., Olsson, R.H., and Turner, K.T. (2022) Fabrication and characterization of cellulose-based materials for biodegradable soil moisture sensors. In: 2022 IEEE sensors, pp. 1–4.10.1109/SENSORS52175.2022.9967089 ↗
22. Jones, R.M. (1975). Mechanics of composite materials. Taylor & Francis, London.10.1115/1.3423688 ↗
23. Jung, M., Kim, J., Jung, S., Kim, Y., Bang, J., Yeo, H., Choi, I.-G., and Kwak, H.W. (2022). pH-responsive hydrogels of carboxymethyl cellulose and polyethyleneimine for efficient removal of ionic dye molecules. BioResources 17: 5785–5802, https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.4.5785-5802.10.15376/biores.17.4.5785-5802 ↗
24. Karim, Z., Svedberg, A., Lee, K.-Y., and Khan, M.J. (2019). Processing-structure-property correlation understanding of microfibrillated cellulose based dimensional structures for ferric ions removal. Sci. Rep. 9: 10277, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46812-6.10.1038/s41598-019-46812-6 ↗
25. Lavoine, N., Desloges, I., Khelifi, B., and Bras, J. (2014). Impact of different coating processes of microfibrillated cellulose on the mechanical and barrier properties of paper. J. Mater. Sci. 49: 2879–2893, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7995-0.10.1007/s10853-013-7995-0 ↗
26. Li, Z., Kuang, H., Yang, J., Hu, J., Ding, B., Sun, W., and Luo, Y. (2020). Improving emulsion stability based on ovalbumin-carboxymethyl cellulose complexes with thermal treatment near ovalbumin isoelectric point. Sci. Rep. 10: 3456, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60455-y.10.1038/s41598-020-60455-y ↗
27. Ma, L., Liu, R., Niu, H., Zhao, M., and Huang, Y. (2016). Flexible and freestanding electrode based on polypyrrole/graphene/bacterial cellulose paper for supercapacitor. Comp. Sci. Technol. 137: 87–93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.10.027.10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.10.027 ↗
28. Mazega, A., Tarrés, Q., Aguado, R., Pèlach, M.A., Mutjé, P., Ferreira, P.J.T., and Delgado-Aguilar, M. (2022). Improving the barrier properties of paper to moisture, air, and grease with nanocellulose-based coating suspensions. Nanomaterials 12: 3675, https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12203675.10.3390/nano12203675 ↗
29. Mazhari Mousavi, S.M., Afra, E., Tajvidi, M., Bousfield, D.W., and Dehghani-Firouzabadi, M. (2017). Cellulose nanofiber/carboxymethyl cellulose blends as an efficient coating to improve the structure and barrier properties of paperboard. Cellulose 24: 3001–3014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1299-5.10.1007/s10570-017-1299-5 ↗
30. Shao, C., Wang, M., Meng, L., Chang, H., Wang, B., Xu, F., Yang, J., and Wan, P. (2018). Mussel-inspired cellulose nanocomposite tough hydrogels with synergistic self-healing, adhesive, and strain-sensitive properties. Chem. Mater. 30: 3110–3121, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b01172.10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b01172 ↗
31. The University of Maine (2024). Order nanocellulose, https://umaine.edu/pdc/nanocellulose/order-nanocellulose/ (Accessed 22 August 2024).
32. Wang, Q.Q., Zhu, J.Y., Gleisner, R., Kuster, T.A., Baxa, U., and McNeil, S.E. (2012). Morphological development of cellulose fibrils of a bleached eucalyptus pulp by mechanical fibrillation. Cellulose 19: 1631–1643, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-012-9745-x.10.1007/s10570-012-9745-x ↗
33. Zaccarin, A.-M., Iyer, G.M., Olsson, R.H., and Turner, K.T. (2024). Fabrication and characterization of soil moisture sensors on a biodegradable, cellulose-based substrate. IEEE Sens. J. 24: 7235–7243, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2023.3299430.10.1109/JSEN.2023.3299430 ↗
34. Zhang, X., Kitin, P., Agarwal, U.P., Gleisner, R., and Zhu, J.Y. (2023). Characterizing lignin-containing microfibrillated cellulose based on water interactions, fibril properties, and imaging. Carbohydr. Polym. 316: 120996, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120996.10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120996 ↗