Characterization of sludge from a cellulose pulp mill for its potential biovalorization
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract This study collected sludge samples from the kraft pulp mills of a Brazilian industry and physicochemically characterized them to investigate their biovalorization. The objective was to identify opportunities to produce value-added products, promoting the circular economy and environmentally appropriate destinations. The types of processes and raw materials influence sludge characteristics. The primary sludge was composed mainly of fibers and water, has a slightly alkaline pH, Carbon:Nitrogen (C:N) ratio is high attributed to fibers, and contains calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and organic carbon. The biological sludge was rich in proteins, bacterial cells, and minerals. The analyses revealed functional groups such as hydroxyls and aliphatic methylene, high concentrations of carbon and oxygen, a fibrous and crystalline structure of cellulose in the primary sludge, and dense microparticles in the biological sludge. Thermogravimetry found a mass loss of 11 % and final combustion at 742 °C for the biological sludge. The primary sludge showed a mass loss of 38 % with peaks at 329 and 784 °C, which suggests that the primary sludge could be used as fuel. Potential routes for the use of the primary and biological sludge included its use as agricultural fertilizer, thermal processing, biochar, and production of activated carbon, despite the low calorific values.
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Research context
OpenAlex topics: Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes · Lignin and Wood Chemistry · Biofuel production and bioconversion
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Environmental Engineering , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 , Belo Horizonte , 31270-901 , Minas Gerais , Brazil
Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Waste and Energy Sustainability – LARSEN , Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Tocantins (IFTO) , Quadra Ae 310 Sul, Av. NS 10, S/N – Plano Diretor Sul , Palmas , 77021-090 , Tocantins , Brazil
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