Comprehensive analysis of the differences in acoustic emission information of deep homogeneity siltstone under load

Based on information entropy theory, this study uses acoustic emission (AE) parameters to evaluate siltstone’s fracture characteristics, exploring failure mechanisms of siltstone with different homogeneity. It adopts Brazilian splitting tests to distinguish homogeneity, combines AE monitoring with uniaxial compression tests to obtain fracture evolution patterns, and validates energy characteristics via self-organisation theory, with findings applied to field microseismic early warning. The results show that: AE energy information entropy has the highest weight, providing the most information. High-homogeneity siltstone has concentrated fractures, with high-energy AE events mainly in late loading; it tends to composite shear failure, showing higher fractal dimension in AE index and more disordered evolution. Its absolute energy power-law critical exponent is lower, making high-energy AE events more likely. For it, the roof is the key monitoring layer-higher, more disordered energy entropy here causes more high-level microseismic events and higher sudden risk, requiring timely warnings and pressure relief. The AE and microseismic comprehensive index (based on information entropy) enables rock mass sudden risk assessment, providing a theoretical basis for on-site microseismic early warning and supporting deep mining risk prevention.