Research on weld seam feature extraction and defect identification technology

The quality of weld seams is a core factor affecting the performance of welded components, significantly impacting the safety and reliability of weldment structures. It holds considerable importance in quality control and cost management. Therefore, weld seam inspection is an indispensable part of industrial manufacturing and a key topic in non-destructive testing. This paper comprehensively summarises the main research results in weld seam feature extraction and defect identification based on systematic and detailed literature research. Firstly, the paper compares current mainstream non-destructive testing technologies, such as ultrasonic testing, radiographic testing, and infrared thermography, regarding detection principles, performance accuracy, and efficiency. It summarises their applicable scopes, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, and briefly introduces image processing-based methods for weld seam feature extraction. Secondly, a discussion and analysis of weld defect recognition are carried out, focusing on intelligent recognition methods based on deep learning, such as convolutional neural networks, generative adversarial networks, YOLO, etc. Finally, the outlook and future research trends are presented from various perspectives, such as real-time, adaptability, intelligence, etc. to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for welding quality control and structural safety assessment.