Selective ATP Detection via Activation of MoS₂-Based Artificial Nanozymes Inhibited by ZIF-90 Nanoparticles

In this paper, we presented an ATP detection platform based on the selective activation of an artificial nanozyme inhibited by ZIF-90 nanoparticles. For the first time, we found and reported the inhibitory effect of ZIF-90 nanoparticles on the MoS2 nanozyme, and this property was integrated with its ATP-responsive ability to develop an ATP detection biosensor. The presence of ATP triggers the decomposition of ZIF-90, thus eliminating the inhibition ability and recovering the catalytic ability of the MoS2 nanozyme. By measuring the catalytic activity in the H2O2–TMB reaction system with optical and electrochemical methods, the ATP detection performance was evaluated systematically. The proposed detection method exhibited excellent sensitivity and selectivity, and the optical and electrochemical modes satisfied the requirements of different application circumstances. In addition, taking advantage of the mild and rapid bacterial disintegration properties of antibiotic peptide-modified magnetic nanoparticles (M-AMPs), using the proposed platform based on selective activation of ZIF-90 nanoparticles inhibited the MoS2 nanozyme, discriminative ATP detection was performed. This work confirms that the inhibitory effect of ZIF-90 nanoparticles on the MoS2 artificial nanozyme provides an idea for developing biosensing systems based on enzyme inhibition and, more importantly, holds great potential for expanding the application of ZIF-90 nanoparticles in analytical fields.