Electrospun Modified SiO₂ Nanofiber Membranes as Superamphiphobic Self-Cleaning Filters with High Heat Stability for Efficient Particle Matter Capture

Superamphiphobic electrospinning nanofiber membranes (e-NFM) with an excellent particle matter (PM) filtration efficiency have been fabricated by the combination treatment of electrospinning, calcination, and surface modification. Herein, with the ultrafine 80 nm bead-string fiber, the as-prepared SiO2 e-NFM had a superb PM2.5 filtration efficiency (>99.9%). Moreover, the SiO2 e-NFM retained the original physical properties of the membrane at 1000 °C and varieties of acid–base extreme environments. After surface modification with poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) and fluoroalkyl silane, the membrane abbreviated as F-SiO2 e-NFM was superamphiphobic and it was first applied to the PM filtration. With the advantages of repellency of water and oil, it was self-cleaning to have a high removal effect on oil-bearing particle pollutants even in high-humidity environments. Furthermore, for its soft and foldable mechanical properties, it can be reused several times while still maintaining a high efficiency. Such a superamphiphobic nanofiber membrane with an excellent PM separation efficiency and the potential for multiple reuses in various situations could be widely employed in the development of air filters.