Nano-to-Microporous Networks via Inkjet Printing of ZnO Nanoparticles/Graphene Hybrid for Ultraviolet Photodetectors

Inkjet-printed photodetectors have gained enormous attention over the past decade. However, device performance is limited without postprocessing, such as annealing and UV exposure. In addition, it is difficult to manipulate the surface morphology of the printed film using an inkjet printer because of the limited options of low viscosity ink solutions. Here, we employ a concept involving the control of the inkjet-printed film morphology via modulation of cosolvent vapor pressure and surface tension for the creation of a high-performance ZnO-based photodetector on a flexible substrate. The solvent boiling point across different cosolvent systems is found to affect the film morphology, which results in not only distinct photoresponse time but also photodetectivity. ZnO-based photodetectors were printed using different solvents, which display a fast photoresponse in low-boiling point solvents because of the low carbon residue and larger photodetectivity in high-boiling point solvent systems due to the porous structure. The porous structure is obtained using both gas–liquid surface tension differences and solid–liquid surface differences, and the size of porosity is modulated from nanosize to microsize depending on the ratio between two solvents or two nanomaterials. Moreover, the conductive nature of graphene enhances the transport behavior of the photocarrier, which enables a high-performance photodetector with high photoresponsivity (7.5 × 102AW–1) and fast photoresponse (0.18 s) to be achieved without the use of high-boiling point solvents.