Sn_xP_y Nanoplate/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites as Anode Materials for Lithium-/Sodium-Ion Batteries

To obtain high reversible capacity and long-term cycling performance in Sn-based phosphide anodes for lithium-/sodium-ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs), the tin phosphide nanoplate with the multiphase grown on reduced graphene oxide (SnxPy/RGO) has been synthesized through the phosphorization process. SnP0.94/RGO and SnxPy/RGO can be accurately obtained by controlling the heating rate and the amount of the phosphorus source. Benefiting from the multiphase synergistic effect, the structural stability of SnxPy/RGO was improved, along with the high reversibility of conversion reactions in Sn4P3 being promoted. As a result, the SnxPy/RGO electrode delivers a superior Li storage capacity (713.5 mA h g–1 after 1400 cycles at 2.0 A g–1), which demonstrates the greatest cyclability reported so far on Sn-based phosphide anodes for LIBs, and a superior Na storage capacity (421.8 mA h g–1 after 100 cycles at 500 mA g–1). The multiphase hybrid design strategy can promote the practical application of Sn-based phosphides in LIBs/SIBs or catalysis.