Dynamic multimodal holograms of conjugated organogels via dithering mask lithography
Source abstract
Abstract
Polymeric materials have been used to realize optical systems that, through periodic variations of their structural or optical properties, interact with light-generating holographic signals. Complex holographic systems can also be dynamically controlled through exposure to external stimuli, yet they usually contain only a single type of holographic mode. Here, we report a conjugated organogel that reversibly displays three modes of holograms in a single architecture. Using dithering mask lithography, we realized two-dimensional patterns with varying cross-linking densities on a conjugated polydiacetylene. In protic solvents, the organogel contracts anisotropically to develop optical and structural heterogeneities along the third dimension, displaying holograms in the form of three-dimensional full parallax signals, both in fluorescence and bright-field microscopy imaging. In aprotic solvents, these heterogeneities diminish as organogels expand, recovering the two-dimensional periodicity to display a third hologram mode based on iridescent structural colours. Our study presents a next-generation hologram manufacturing method for multilevel encryption technologies.
Source: europepmc · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Polydiacetylene-based materials and applications · Liquid Crystal Research Advancements · Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (48)
Show source-provided references
1. Kang, Y., Walish, J. J., Gorishnyy, T. & Thomas, E. L. Broad-wavelength-range chemically tunable block-copolymer photonic gels. Nat. Mater. 6, 957–960 (2007).10.1038/nmat2032 ↗
2. Matsubara, K., Watanabe, M. & Takeoka, Y. A thermally adjustable multicolor photochromic hydrogel. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46, 1688–1692 (2007).10.1002/anie.200603554 ↗
3. Kim, H. et al. Structural colour printing using a magnetically tunable and lithographically fixable photonic crystal. Nat. Photonics 3, 534–540 (2009).10.1038/nphoton.2009.141 ↗
4. Honda, M., Seki, T. & Takeoka, Y. Dual tuning of the photonic band-gap structure in soft photonic crystals. Adv. Mater. 21, 1801–1804 (2009).10.1002/adma.200801258 ↗
5. Holtz, J. H. & Asher, S. A. Polymerized colloidal crystal hydrogel films as intelligent chemical sensing materials. Nature 389, 829–832 (1997).10.1038/39834 ↗
6. Sagara, Y. & Kato, T. Mechanically induced luminescence changes in molecular assemblies. Nat. Chem. 1, 605–610 (2009).10.1038/nchem.411 ↗
7. Chiappelli, M. C. & Hayward, R. C. Photonic multilayer sensors from photo-crosslinkable polymer films. Adv. Mater. 24, 6100–6104 (2012).10.1002/adma.201202459 ↗
8. Wang, Q. M., Gossweiler, G. R., Craig, S. L. & Zhao, X. H. Cephalopod-inspired design of electro-mechano-chemically responsive elastomers for on-demand fluorescent patterning. Nat. Commun. 5, 4899 (2014).10.1038/ncomms5899 ↗
9. Luo, W. et al. Steric-repulsion-based magnetically responsive photonic crystals. Adv. Mater. 26, 1058–1064 (2014).10.1002/adma.201304134 ↗
10. Xiao, F. B. et al. Smart photonic crystal hydrogel material for uranyl ion monitoring and removal in water. Adv. Funct. Mater. 27, 1702147 (2017).10.1002/adfm.201702147 ↗
11. Couturier, J. P., Sutterlin, M., Laschewsky, A., Hettrich, C. & Wischerhoff, E. Responsive inverse opal hydrogels for the sensing of macromolecules. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54, 6641–6644 (2015).10.1002/anie.201500674 ↗
12. Asher, S. A., Holtz, J., Liu, L. & Wu, Z. J. Self-assembly motif for creating submicron periodic materials. Polymerized crystalline colloidal arrays. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 4997–4998 (1994).10.1021/ja00090a059 ↗
13. Weissman, J. M., Sunkara, H. B., Tse, A. S. & Asher, S. A. Thermally switchable periodicities and diffraction from mesoscopically ordered materials. Science 274, 959–960 (1996).10.1126/science.274.5289.959 ↗
14. Campbell, M., Sharp, D. N., Harrison, M. T., Denning, R. G. & Turberfield, A. J. Fabrication of photonic crystals for the visible spectrum by holographic lithography. Nature 404, 53–56 (2000).10.1038/35003523 ↗
15. Tondiglia, V. P., Natarajan, L. V., Sutherland, R. L., Tomlin, D. & Bunning, T. J. Holographic formation of electro-optical polymer-liquid crystal photonic crystals. Adv. Mater. 14, 187–191 (2002).10.1002/1521-4095(20020205)14:3<187::AID-ADMA187>3.0.CO;2-O ↗
16. Orosco, M. M., Pacholski, C., Miskelly, G. M. & Sailor, M. J. Protein-coated porous-silicon photonic crystals for amplified optical detection of protease activity. Adv. Mater. 18, 1393–1396 (2006).10.1002/adma.200502420 ↗
17. Yoon, J., Lee, W. & Thomas, E. L. Thermochromic block copolymer photonic gel. Macromolecules 41, 4582–4584 (2008).10.1021/ma8009504 ↗
18. Tay, S. et al. An updatable holographic three-dimensional display. Nature 451, 694–698 (2008).10.1038/nature06596 ↗
19. Zhou, Y., Hauser, A. W., Bende, N. P., Kuzyk, M. G. & Hayward, R. C. Waveguiding microactuators based on a photothermally responsive nanocomposite hydrogel. Adv. Funct. Mater. 26, 5447–5452 (2016).10.1002/adfm.201601569 ↗
20. Lim, H. S., Lee, J. H., Walish, J. J. & Thomas, E. L. Dynamic swelling of tunable full-color block copolymer photonic gels via counterion exchange. ACS Nano 6, 8933–8939 (2012).10.1021/nn302949n ↗
21. Kim, S. et al. Silk inverse opals. Nat. Photonics 6, 817–822 (2012).10.1038/nphoton.2012.264 ↗
22. Burgess, I. B., Lončar, M. & Aizenberg, J. Structural colour in colourimetric sensors and indicators. J. Mater. Chem. C 1, 6075–6086 (2013).10.1039/c3tc30919c ↗
23. Lee, G. H. et al. Chameleon-inspired mechanochromic photonic films composed of non-close-packed colloidal arrays. ACS Nano 11, 11350–11357 (2017).10.1021/acsnano.7b05885 ↗
24. Jiang, N. et al. Laser interference lithography for the nanofabrication of stimuli-responsive Bragg stacks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28, 1702715 (2018).10.1002/adfm.201702715 ↗
25. Zhao, Q. L., Wang, Y. L., Cui, H. Q. & Du, X. M. Bio-inspired sensing and actuating materials. J. Mater. Chem. C 7, 6493–6511 (2019).10.1039/C9TC01483G ↗
26. Liao, J. L. et al. Multiresponsive elastic colloidal crystals for reversible structural color patterns. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29, 1902954 (2019).10.1002/adfm.201902954 ↗
27. Watanabe, T. et al. Photoresponsive hydrogel microstructure fabricated by two-photon initiated polymerization. Adv. Funct. Mater. 12, 611–614 (2002).10.1002/1616-3028(20020916)12:9<611::AID-ADFM611>3.0.CO;2-3 ↗
28. Li, J., Liang, G. Q., Zhu, X. L. & Yang, S. Exploiting nanoroughness on holographically patterned three-dimensional photonic crystals. Adv. Funct. Mater. 22, 2980–2986 (2012).10.1002/adfm.201200013 ↗
29. Beristain, M. F., Estrada, M. R., Ortega, A., Claverie, A. L. & Ogawa, T. Radical stabilization of aromatic diacetylenes (dinaphthylbutadiynes) in the free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate. Polym. J. 48, 963–967 (2016).10.1038/pj.2016.54 ↗
30. Beristain, M. F., Munoz, E. & Ogawa, T. Polymerization of diphenylbutadiyne derivatives in solution by free radical initiator. J. Macromol. Sci. A 44, 605–611 (2007).10.1080/10601320701284964 ↗
31. Beristain, M. F., Bucio, E., Burillo, G., Munoz, E. & Ogawa, T. Study on the interaction of diarylbutadiynes with free radicals: Interaction with propagating radicals of some vinyl monomers. Polym. Bull. 43, 357–364 (1999).10.1007/s002890050622 ↗
32. Kim, J. M. et al. A polydiacetylene-based fluorescent sensor chip. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 17580–17581 (2005).10.1021/ja0547275 ↗
33. Lee, J., Kim, H. J. & Kim, J. Polydiacetylene liposome arrays for selective potassium detection. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 5010–5011 (2008).10.1021/ja709996c ↗
34. Lee, J., Jun, H. & Kim, J. Polydiacetylene-liposome microarrays for selective and sensitive mercury(II) detection. Adv. Mater. 21, 3674–3677 (2009).10.1002/adma.200900639 ↗
35. Lauher, J. W., Fowler, F. W. & Goroff, N. S. Single-crystal-to-single-crystal topochemical polymerizations by design. Acc. Chem. Res. 41, 1215–1229 (2008).10.1021/ar8001427 ↗
36. Day, D. & Lando, J. B. Structure determination of a poly(diacetylene) monolayer. Macromolecules 13, 1483–1487 (1980).10.1021/ma60078a024 ↗
37. Menzel, H., Mowery, M. D., Cai, M. & Evans, C. E. Vertical positioning of internal molecular scaffolding within a single molecular layer. J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 9550–9556 (1998).10.1021/jp9830023 ↗
38. Batchelder, D. N. et al. Self-assembled monolayers containing polydiacetylenes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 1050–1053 (1994).10.1021/ja00082a028 ↗
39. Carpick, R. W., Sasaki, D. Y., Marcus, M. S., Eriksson, M. A. & Burns, A. R. Polydiacetylene films: a review of recent investigations into chromogenic transitions and nanomechanical properties. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 16, R679–R697 (2004).10.1088/0953-8984/16/23/R01 ↗
40. Filhol, J. S. et al. Polymorphs and colors of polydiacetylenes: a first principles study. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 6976–6988 (2009).10.1021/ja803768u ↗
41. Goodman, J. W. Introduction to Fourier Optics (Roberts and Company Publishers, 2005).
42. Vyas, U. & Christensen, D. Ultrasound beam simulations in inhomogeneous tissue geometries using the hybrid angular spectrum method. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 59, 1093–1100 (2012).10.1109/TUFFC.2012.2300 ↗
43. Yang, J. M., Li, J. W., He, S. L. & Wang, L. H. V. Angular-spectrum modeling of focusing light inside scattering media by optical phase conjugation. Optica 6, 250–256 (2019).10.1364/OPTICA.6.000250 ↗
44. Duan, X. Y., Kamin, S. & Liu, N. Dynamic plasmonic colour display. Nat. Commun. 8, 14606 (2017).10.1038/ncomms14606 ↗
45. Wen, D. D., Cadusch, J. J., Meng, J. & Crozier, K. B. Multifunctional dielectric metasurfaces consisting of color holograms encoded into color printed images. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30, 1906415 (2020).10.1002/adfm.201906415 ↗
46. Lee, J. et al. Universal process-inert encoding architecture for polymer microparticles. Nat. Mater. 13, 524–529 (2014).10.1038/nmat3938 ↗
47. Liu, Y. et al. Inkjet-printed unclonable quantum dot fluorescent anti-counterfeiting labels with artificial intelligence authentication. Nat. Commun. 10, 2409 (2019).10.1038/s41467-019-10406-7 ↗
48. Kamat, N. P. et al. Sensing membrane stress with near IR-emissive porphyrins. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 13984–13989 (2011).10.1073/pnas.1102125108 ↗