Giant magnetoelastic effect in soft systems for bioelectronics
Source abstract
Abstract
The magnetoelastic effect-the variation of the magnetic properties of a material under mechanical stress-is usually observed in rigid alloys, whose mechanical modulus is significantly different from that of human tissues, thus limiting their use in bioelectronics applications. Here, we observed a giant magnetoelastic effect in a soft system based on micromagnets dispersed in a silicone matrix, reaching a magnetomechanical coupling factor indicating up to four times more enhancement than in rigid counterparts. The results are interpreted using a wavy chain model, showing how mechanical stress changes the micromagnets' spacing and dipole alignment, thus altering the magnetic field generated by the composite. Combined with liquid-metal coils patterned on polydimethylsiloxane working as a magnetic induction layer, the soft magnetoelastic composite is used for stretchable and water-resistant magnetoelastic generators adhering conformably to human skin. Such devices can be used as wearable or implantable power generators and biomedical sensors, opening alternative avenues for human-body-centred applications.
Source: europepmc · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · Advanced Materials and Mechanics · Dielectric materials and actuators
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (38)
Show source-provided references
1. Fleming, W. J. New automotive sensors—a review. IEEE Sens. J. 8, 1900–1921 (2008).10.1109/JSEN.2008.2006452 ↗
2. Eem, S., Jung, H. & Koo, J. Application of MR elastomers for improving seismic protection of base-isolated structures. IEEE Trans. Magn. 47, 2901–2904 (2011).10.1109/TMAG.2011.2156771 ↗
3. Deng, Z. & Dapino, M. J. Review of magnetostrictive materials for structural vibration control. Smart Mater. Struct. 27, 113001 (2018).10.1088/1361-665X/aadff5 ↗
4. Davino, D., Giustiniani, A. & Visone, C. The piezo-magnetic parameters of Terfenol-D: an experimental viewpoint. Phys. B Condens. Matter 407, 1427–1432 (2012).10.1016/j.physb.2011.05.059 ↗
5. Ausanio, G. et al. Magnetoelastic sensor application in civil buildings monitoring. Sens. Actuators A Phys. 123–124, 290–295 (2005).10.1016/j.sna.2005.03.027 ↗
6. Su, Q., Morillo, J., Wen, Y. & Wuttig, M. Young’s modulus of amorphous Terfenol‐D thin films. J. Appl. Phys. 80, 3604–3606 (1996).10.1063/1.363269 ↗
7. Datta, S., Atulasimha, J., Mudivarthi, C. & Flatau, A. B. Stress and magnetic field-dependent Young’s modulus in single crystal iron–gallium alloys. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 322, 2135–2144 (2010).10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.01.046 ↗
8. Xu, S., Jayaraman, A. & Rogers, J. A. Skin sensors are the future of health care. Nature 571, 319–321 (2019).10.1038/d41586-019-02143-0 ↗
9. Chen, J. & Wang, Z. L. Reviving vibration energy harvesting and self-powered sensing by a triboelectric nanogenerator. Joule 1, 480–521 (2017).10.1016/j.joule.2017.09.004 ↗
10. Li, Q., Naing, V. & Donelan, J. M. Development of a biomechanical energy harvester. J. Neuroeng. Rehabil. 6, 22 (2009).10.1186/1743-0003-6-22 ↗
11. Dharmasena, R. D. I. G., Deane, J. H. B. & Silva, S. R. P. Nature of power generation and output optimization criteria for triboelectric nanogenerators. Adv. Energy Mater. 8, 1802190 (2018).10.1002/aenm.201802190 ↗
12. Yang, W. et al. All-fiber tribo-ferroelectric synergistic electronics with high thermal-moisture stability and comfortability. Nat. Commun. 10, 5541 (2019).10.1038/s41467-019-13569-5 ↗
13. Wang, Z. L. Triboelectric nanogenerators as new energy technology and self-powered sensors – principles, problems and perspectives. Faraday Discuss. 176, 447–458 (2014).10.1039/C4FD00159A ↗
14. Stokes, J. Man/System Requirements for Weightless Environments (NASA/Marshall Space Fight Center, 1976).
15. Deng, H. X. & Gong, X. L. Adaptive tuned vibration absorber based on magnetorheological elastomer. J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 18, 1205–1210 (2007).10.1177/1045389X07083128 ↗
16. Liu, K. & Liu, J. The damped dynamic vibration absorbers: revisited and new result. J. Sound Vib. 284, 1181–1189 (2005).10.1016/j.jsv.2004.08.002 ↗
17. Kim, Y., Yuk, H., Zhao, R., Chester, S. A. & Zhao, X. Printing ferromagnetic domains for untethered fast-transforming soft materials. Nature 558, 274–279 (2018).10.1038/s41586-018-0185-0 ↗
18. Liu, J. A. C., Gillen, J. H., Mishra, S. R., Evans, B. A. & Tracy, J. B. Photothermally and magnetically controlled reconfiguration of polymer composites for soft robotics. Sci. Adv. 5, eaaw2897 (2019).10.1126/sciadv.aaw2897 ↗
19. Guan, X., Dong, X. & Ou, J. Magnetostrictive effect of magnetorheological elastomer. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 320, 158–163 (2008).10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.05.043 ↗
20. Zhou, G. Y. Shear properties of a magnetorheological elastomer. Smart Mater. Struct. 12, 139–146 (2003).10.1088/0964-1726/12/1/316 ↗
21. Pailler-Mattei, C., Bec, S. & Zahouani, H. In vivo measurements of the elastic mechanical properties of human skin by indentation tests. Med. Eng. Phys. 30, 599–606 (2008).10.1016/j.medengphy.2007.06.011 ↗
22. Agache, P. G., Monneur, C., Leveque, J. L. & De Rigal, J. Mechanical properties and Young’s modulus of human skin in vivo. Arch. Dermatol. 269, 221–232 (1980).10.1007/BF00406415 ↗
23. Kováčik, J. Correlation between Young’s modulus and porosity in porous materials. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 18, 1007–1010 (1999).10.1023/A:1006669914946 ↗
24. Stolbov, O. V., Raikher, Y. L. & Balasoiu, M. Modelling of magnetodipolar striction in soft magnetic elastomers. Soft Matter 7, 8484–8487 (2011).10.1039/c1sm05714f ↗
25. Diguet, G., Sebald, G., Nakano, M., Lallart, M. & Cavaillé, J.-Y. Magnetic particle chains embedded in elastic polymer matrix under pure transverse shear and energy conversion. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 481, 39–49 (2019).10.1016/j.jmmm.2019.02.078 ↗
26. Deng, Z. Nonlinear Modeling and Characterization of the Villari Effect and Model-Guided Development of Magnetostrictive Energy Harvesters and Dampers. PhD dissertation, Ohio State Univ. (2015).
27. Liu, J., Jiang, C. & Xu, H. Giant magnetostrictive materials. Sci. China Technol. Sci. 55, 1319–1326 (2012).10.1007/s11431-012-4810-0 ↗
28. Sheikh Amiri, M. et al. On the role of crystal and stress anisotropy in magnetic Barkhausen noise. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 372, 16–22 (2014).10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.07.038 ↗
29. Fan, F.-R., Tian, Z.-Q. & Wang, Z. L. Flexible triboelectric generator. Nano Energy 1, 328–334 (2012).10.1016/j.nanoen.2012.01.004 ↗
30. Gu, L. et al. Enhancing the current density of a piezoelectric nanogenerator using a three-dimensional intercalation electrode. Nat. Commun. 11, 1030 (2020).10.1038/s41467-020-14846-4 ↗
31. Yang, R., Qin, Y., Li, C., Zhu, G. & Wang, Z. L. Converting biomechanical energy into electricity by a muscle-movement-driven nanogenerator. Nano Lett. 9, 1201–1205 (2009).10.1021/nl803904b ↗
32. Dudem, B., Mule, A. R., Patnam, H. R. & Yu, J. S. Wearable and durable triboelectric nanogenerators via polyaniline coated cotton textiles as a movement sensor and self-powered system. Nano Energy 55, 305–315 (2019).10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.10.074 ↗
33. Wang, Z. L. On Maxwell’s displacement current for energy and sensors: the origin of nanogenerators. Mater. Today 20, 74–82 (2017).10.1016/j.mattod.2016.12.001 ↗
34. Hinchet, R. et al. Transcutaneous ultrasound energy harvesting using capacitive triboelectric technology. Science 365, 491–494 (2019).10.1126/science.aan3997 ↗
35. Marriott, B. M. Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations (National Academies Press, 1993).
36. Zheng, Q. et al. In vivo self-powered wireless cardiac monitoring via implantable triboelectric nanogenerator. ACS Nano 10, 6510–6518 (2016).10.1021/acsnano.6b02693 ↗
37. Diguet, G., Sebald, G., Nakano, M., Lallart, M. & Cavaillé, J.-Y. Optimization of magneto-rheological elastomers for energy harvesting applications. Smart Mater. Struct. 29, 075017 (2020).10.1088/1361-665X/ab8837 ↗
38. Diguet, G., Sebald, G., Nakano, M., Lallart, M. & Cavaillé, J.-Y. Analysis of magneto rheological elastomers for energy harvesting systems. Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech. 64, 439–446 (2020).10.3233/JAE-209350 ↗