journal article·2025-07-14

An actor–critic algorithm to maximize the power delivered from direct methanol fuel cells

Hongbin Xu, Yang Jeong Park, Zhichu Ren, Daniel J. Zheng, Davide Menga, Haojun Jia, Chenru Duan, Guanzhou Zhu, Yuriy Román-Leshkov, Yang Shao-Horn, Ju Li

Nature Energy· Volume 10· Issue 8
Publisher page

Abstract

No abstract is available for this record. The assistant can identify its topic from the title, but cannot infer the study’s results.

Source: Not provided · Quality: missing

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Fuel Cells and Related Materials · Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion · Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (36)

Show source-provided references
1. Yao, Z. et al. Machine learning for a sustainable energy future. Nat. Rev. Mater. 8, 202–215 (2022).10.1038/s41578-022-00490-5 ↗
2. Attia, P. M. et al. Closed-loop optimization of fast-charging protocols for batteries with machine learning. Nature 578, 397–402 (2020).10.1038/s41586-020-1994-5 ↗
3. Jordan, M. I. & Mitchell, T. M. Machine learning: trends, perspectives, and prospects. Science 349, 255–260 (2015).10.1126/science.aaa8415 ↗
4. Rosen, A. S. et al. Machine learning the quantum-chemical properties of metal–organic frameworks for accelerated materials discovery. Matter 4, 1578–1597 (2021).10.1016/j.matt.2021.02.015 ↗
5. Yao, Z. et al. Inverse design of nanoporous crystalline reticular materials with deep generative models. Nat. Mach. Intell. 3, 76–86 (2021).10.1038/s42256-020-00271-1 ↗
6. Jiao, K. et al. Designing the next generation of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. Nature 595, 361–369 (2021).10.1038/s41586-021-03482-7 ↗
7. Zhu, G. et al. Rechargeable Na/Cl2 and Li/Cl2 batteries. Nature 596, 525–530 (2021).10.1038/s41586-021-03757-z ↗
8. Wu, Y., Jiang, Z., Lu, X., Liang, Y. & Wang, H. Domino electroreduction of CO2 to methanol on a molecular catalyst. Nature 575, 639–642 (2019).10.1038/s41586-019-1760-8 ↗
9. Davidson, D. J. Exnovating for a renewable energy transition. Nat. Energy 4, 254–256 (2019).10.1038/s41560-019-0369-3 ↗
10. Feng, Y., Liu, H. & Yang, J. A selective electrocatalyst–based direct methanol fuel cell operated at high concentrations of methanol. Sci. Adv. 3, e1700580 (2017).10.1126/sciadv.1700580 ↗
11. Martín, A. J., Mitchell, S., Mondelli, C., Jaydev, S. & Pérez-Ramírez, J. Unifying views on catalyst deactivation. Nat. Catal. 5, 854–866 (2022).10.1038/s41929-022-00842-y ↗
12. Poerwoprajitno, A. R. et al. A single-Pt-atom-on-Ru-nanoparticle electrocatalyst for CO-resilient methanol oxidation. Nat. Catal. 5, 231–237 (2022).10.1038/s41929-022-00756-9 ↗
13. Wang, J. et al. Toward electrocatalytic methanol oxidation reaction: longstanding debates and emerging catalysts. Adv. Mater. 35, 2211099 (2023).10.1002/adma.202211099 ↗
14. Xu, H. et al. A cobalt-platinum-ruthenium system for acidic methanol oxidation. Chem. Mater. 36, 6938–6949 (2024).10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01008 ↗
15. Timoshenko, J. et al. Steering the structure and selectivity of CO2 electroreduction catalysts by potential pulses. Nat. Catal. 5, 259–267 (2022).10.1038/s41929-022-00760-z ↗
16. Xu, L. et al. In situ periodic regeneration of catalyst during CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61, e202210375 (2022).10.1002/anie.202210375 ↗
17. Zhang, X.-D. et al. Asymmetric low-frequency pulsed strategy enables ultralong CO2 reduction stability and controllable product selectivity. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 2195–2206 (2023).10.1021/jacs.2c09501 ↗
18. Rabissi, C., Brightman, E., Hinds, G. & Casalegno, A. In operando investigation of anode overpotential dynamics in direct methanol fuel cells. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 41, 18221–18225 (2016).10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.08.140 ↗
19. Rabissi, C., Brightman, E., Hinds, G. & Casalegno, A. In operando measurement of localised cathode potential to mitigate DMFC temporary degradation. Int. J. Hydrogen 43, 9797–9802 (2018).10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.04.043 ↗
20. Bresciani, F., Casalegno, A., Bonde, J. L., Odgaard, M. & Marchesi, R. A comparison of operating strategies to reduce DMFC degradation: a comparison of operating strategies to reduce DMFC degradation. Int. J. Energy Res. 38, 117–124 (2014).10.1002/er.3115 ↗
21. Kusne, A. G. et al. On-the-fly closed-loop materials discovery via Bayesian active learning. Nat. Commun. 11, 5966 (2020).10.1038/s41467-020-19597-w ↗
22. Szymanski, N. J. et al. An autonomous laboratory for the accelerated synthesis of novel materials. Nature 624, 86–91 (2023).10.1038/s41586-023-06734-w ↗
23. Severson, K. A. et al. Data-driven prediction of battery cycle life before capacity degradation. Nat. Energy 4, 383–391 (2019).10.1038/s41560-019-0356-8 ↗
24. Seo, J. et al. Avoiding fusion plasma tearing instability with deep reinforcement learning. Nature 626, 746–751 (2024).10.1038/s41586-024-07024-9 ↗
25. Mnih, V. et al. Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning. Nature 518, 529–533 (2015).10.1038/nature14236 ↗
26. Silver, D. et al. Mastering the game of go with deep neural networks and tree search. Nature 529, 484–489 (2016).10.1038/nature16961 ↗
27. Silver, D. et al. Mastering the game of go without human knowledge. Nature 550, 354–359 (2017).10.1038/nature24270 ↗
28. Schulman, J., Wolski, F., Dhariwal, P., Radford, A. & Klimov, O. Proximal policy optimization algorithms. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.06347 (2017).
29. Haarnoja, T., Zhou, A., Abbeel, P. & Levine, S. Soft actor–critic: off-policy maximum entropy deep reinforcement learning with a stochastic actor. In Proc. 35th International Conference on Machine Learning 1861–1870 (PMLR, 2018).
30. Hessel, M. et al. Rainbow: combining improvements in deep reinforcement learning. In Thirty-second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-18) 3215–3222 (AAAI, 2018).10.1609/aaai.v32i1.11796 ↗
31. Mnih, V. et al. Playing Atari with deep reinforcement learning. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.5602 (2013).
32. Panzer, M. & Bender, B. Deep reinforcement learning in production systems: a systematic literature review. Int. J. Prod. Res. 60, 4316–4341 (2022).10.1080/00207543.2021.1973138 ↗
33. Degrave, J. et al. Magnetic control of tokamak plasmas through deep reinforcement learning. Nature 602, 414–419 (2022).10.1038/s41586-021-04301-9 ↗
34. Shorten, C. & Khoshgoftaar, T. M. A survey on image data augmentation for deep learning. J. Big Data 6, 60 (2019).10.1186/s40537-019-0197-0 ↗
35. Kort-Kamp, W. J. M. et al. Machine learning-guided design of direct methanol fuel cells with a platinum group metal-free cathode. J. Power Sources 626, 235758 (2025).10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235758 ↗
36. Sweigart, A. PyAutoGUI documentation. Read the Docs https://pyautogui.readthedocs.org (2020).