journal article·2025-09-26

Two-step crystallization modulated through acenaphthene enabling 21% binary organic solar cells and 83.2% fill factor

Jiehao Fu, Hongxiang Li, Heng Liu, Peihao Huang, Haiyan Chen, Patrick W. K. Fong, Top Archie Dela Peña, Mingjie Li, Xinhui Lu, Pei Cheng, Zeyun Xiao, Shirong Lu, Gang Li

Nature Energy· Volume 10· Issue 10
Publisher page

Abstract

No abstract is available for this record. The assistant can identify its topic from the title, but cannot infer the study’s results.

Source: Not provided · Quality: missing

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics · Thin-Film Transistor Technologies · Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (57)

Show source-provided references
1. Lin, Y. et al. An electron acceptor challenging fullerenes for efficient polymer solar cells. Adv. Mater. 27, 1170–1174 (2015).10.1002/adma.201404317 ↗
2. Yuan, J. et al. Enabling low voltage losses and high photocurrent in fullerene-free organic photovoltaics. Nat. Commun. 10, 570 (2019).10.1038/s41467-019-08386-9 ↗
3. Yuan, J. et al. Single-junction organic solar cell with over 15% efficiency using fused-ring acceptor with electron-deficient core. Joule 3, 1140–1151 (2019).10.1016/j.joule.2019.01.004 ↗
4. Zhang, M., Guo, X., Ma, W., Ade, H. & Hou, J. A large‐bandgap conjugated polymer for versatile photovoltaic applications with high performance. Adv. Mater. 27, 4655–4660 (2015).10.1002/adma.201502110 ↗
5. Sun, C. et al. A low cost and high performance polymer donor material for polymer solar cells. Nat. Commun. 9, 743 (2018).10.1038/s41467-018-03207-x ↗
6. Liu, Q. et al. 18% efficiency organic solar cells. Sci. Bull. 65, 272–275 (2020).10.1016/j.scib.2020.01.001 ↗
7. Fu, J. et al. Rational molecular and device design enables organic solar cells approaching 20% efficiency. Nat. Commun. 15, 1830 (2024).10.1038/s41467-024-46022-3 ↗
8. Sun, K. et al. The role of solvent vapor annealing in highly efficient air-processed small molecule solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 9048–9054 (2014).10.1039/c4ta01125b ↗
9. Fu, J. et al. A ‘σ-hole’-containing volatile solid additive enabling 16.5% efficiency organic solar cells. iScience 23, 100965 (2020).10.1016/j.isci.2020.100965 ↗
10. McDowell, C., Abdelsamie, M., Toney, M. F. & Bazan, G. C. Solvent additives: key morphology-directing agents for solution-processed organic solar cells. Adv. Mater. 30, 1707114 (2018).10.1002/adma.201707114 ↗
11. Liu, H. et al. Dual‐additive‐driven morphology optimization for solvent‐annealing‐free all‐small‐molecule organic solar cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. 33, 2303307 (2023).10.1002/adfm.202303307 ↗
12. Fu, J. et al. 19.31% binary organic solar cell and low non-radiative recombination enabled by non-monotonic intermediate state transition. Nat. Commun. 14, 1760 (2023).10.1038/s41467-023-37526-5 ↗
13. Liu, K. et al. 19.7% efficiency binary organic solar cells achieved by selective core fluorination of nonfullerene electron acceptors. Joule 8, 835–851 (2024).10.1016/j.joule.2024.01.005 ↗
14. Wang, L. et al. Donor–acceptor mutually diluted heterojunctions for layer-by-layer fabrication of high-performance organic solar cells. Nat. Energy 9, 208–218 (2024).10.1038/s41560-023-01436-z ↗
15. Tu, L. et al. Cyano-functionalized pyrazine: an electron-deficient unit as a solid additive enables binary organic solar cells with 19.67% efficiency. Energy Environ. Sci. 17, 3365–3374 (2024).10.1039/D4EE00764F ↗
16. Guan, S. et al. Self‐assembled interlayer enables high‐performance organic photovoltaics with power conversion efficiency exceeding 20%. Adv. Mater. 36, 2400342 (2024).10.1002/adma.202400342 ↗
17. Jiang, Y. et al. Non-fullerene acceptor with asymmetric structure and phenyl-substituted alkyl side chain for 20.2% efficiency organic solar cells. Nat. Energy 9, 975–986 (2024).10.1038/s41560-024-01557-z ↗
18. Li, G. et al. High-efficiency solution processable polymer photovoltaic cells by self-organization of polymer blends. Nat. Mater. 4, 864–868 (2005).10.1038/nmat1500 ↗
19. Qin, J. et al. 17% efficiency all-small-molecule organic solar cells enabled by nanoscale phase separation with a hierarchical branched structure. Energy Environ. Sci. 14, 5903–5910 (2021).10.1039/D1EE02124A ↗
20. Zhan, L. et al. Layer‐by‐layer processed ternary organic photovoltaics with efficiency over 18%. Adv. Mater. 33, 2007231 (2021).10.1002/adma.202007231 ↗
21. Zhang, Y. et al. Graded bulk-heterojunction enables 17% binary organic solar cells via nonhalogenated open air coating. Nat. Commun. 12, 4815 (2021).10.1038/s41467-021-25148-8 ↗
22. Qin, J. et al. Volatile solid additive‐assisted sequential deposition enables 18.42% efficiency in organic solar cells. Adv. Sci. 9, 2105347 (2022).10.1002/advs.202105347 ↗
23. Zhang, Y. et al. Achieving 19.4% organic solar cell via an in situ formation of pin structure with built-in interpenetrating network. Joule 8, 509–526 (2024).10.1016/j.joule.2023.12.009 ↗
24. Wu, W. et al. Defining solid additive’s pivotal role on morphology regulation in organic solar cells produced by layer‐by‐layer deposition. Adv. Energy Mater. 14, 2400354 (2024).10.1002/aenm.202400354 ↗
25. Lai, H. et al. Exploring the significance of packing modes and 3D framework sizes and utilizing three chlorine-mediated acceptors and the ‘like dissolves like’ approach for achieving an efficiency over 19. Energy Environ. Sci. 16, 5944–5955 (2023).10.1039/D3EE01690K ↗
26. Lai, H. et al. Crystallography, packing mode, and aggregation state of chlorinated isomers for efficient organic solar cells. CCS Chem. 5, 1118–1129 (2023).10.31635/ccschem.022.202201875 ↗
27. Fu, J. et al. Eutectic phase behavior induced by a simple additive contributes to efficient organic solar cells. Nano Energy 84, 105862 (2021).10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.105862 ↗
28. Gutierrez‐Fernandez, E. et al. Y6 organic thin‐film transistors with electron mobilities of 2.4 cm2 V−1 s−1 via microstructural tuning. Adv. Sci. 9, 2104977 (2022).10.1002/advs.202104977 ↗
29. Verploegen, E. et al. Effects of thermal annealing upon the morphology of polymer–fullerene blends. Adv. Funct. Mater. 20, 3519–3529 (2010).10.1002/adfm.201000975 ↗
30. Cui, Y. et al. Single‐junction organic photovoltaic cells with approaching 18% efficiency. Adv. Mater. 32, 1908205 (2020).10.1002/adma.201908205 ↗
31. Sun, X. et al. Binary organic solar cells with >19.6% efficiency: the significance of self-assembled monolayer modification. ACS Energy Lett. 9, 4209–4217 (2024).10.1021/acsenergylett.4c01564 ↗
32. Zhan, L. et al. Desired open-circuit voltage increase enables efficiencies approaching 19% in symmetric-asymmetric molecule ternary organic photovoltaics. Joule 6, 662–675 (2022).10.1016/j.joule.2022.02.001 ↗
33. Qin, Y. et al. The performance-stability conundrum of BTP-based organic solar cells. Joule 5, 2129–2147 (2021).10.1016/j.joule.2021.06.006 ↗
34. Chen, S. et al. Photo‐carrier recombination in polymer solar cells based on P3HT and silole‐based copolymer. Adv. Energy Mater. 1, 963–969 (2011).10.1002/aenm.201100300 ↗
35. Zhao, Z. et al. Suppressing bimolecular charge recombination and energetic disorder with planar heterojunction active layer enables 18.1% efficiency binary organic solar cells. ACS Mater. Lett. 5, 1718–1726 (2023).10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c00236 ↗
36. Ni, Z. et al. Resolving spatial and energetic distributions of trap states in metal halide perovskite solar cells. Science 367, 1352–1358 (2020).10.1126/science.aba0893 ↗
37. Dela Peña, T. A. et al. Manipulating the charge carriers through functionally bridged components advances low‐cost organic solar cells with green solvent processing. Adv. Energy Mater. 14, 2303169 (2024).10.1002/aenm.202303169 ↗
38. Peña, T. A. D. et al. Interface property–functionality interplay suppresses bimolecular recombination facilitating above 18% efficiency organic solar cells embracing simplistic fabrication. Energy Environ. Sci. 16, 3416–3429 (2023).10.1039/D3EE01427D ↗
39. Xia, X. et al. Revealing the crystalline packing structure of Y6 in the active layer of organic solar cells: the critical role of solvent additives. J. Mater. Chem. A 11, 21895–21907 (2023).10.1039/D3TA05177C ↗
40. Zhang, G. et al. Delocalization of exciton and electron wavefunction in non-fullerene acceptor molecules enables efficient organic solar cells. Nat. Commun. 11, 3943 (2020).10.1038/s41467-020-17867-1 ↗
41. Kupgan, G., Chen, X. & Bredas, J.-L. Molecular packing of non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells: distinctive local morphology in Y6 vs. ITIC derivatives. Mater. Today Adv. 11, 100154 (2021).10.1016/j.mtadv.2021.100154 ↗
42. Yuk, D. et al. Simplified Y6‐based nonfullerene acceptors: in‐depth study on molecular structure–property relation, molecular dynamics simulation, and charge dynamics. Small 19, 2206547 (2023).10.1002/smll.202206547 ↗
43. Cai, G. et al. Deuteration-enhanced neutron contrasts to probe amorphous domain sizes in organic photovoltaic bulk heterojunction films. Nat. Commun. 15, 2784 (2024).10.1038/s41467-024-47052-7 ↗
44. Lindon, J. C., Tranter, G. E. & Koppenaal, D. Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry 3rd edn (Academic Press, 2016).
45. Frisch, M. J. et al. Gaussian 16 (Gaussian, 2016).
46. Bannwarth, C. et al. Extended tight‐binding quantum chemistry methods. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.: Comput. Mol. Sci. 11, e1493 (2021).
47. Li, C. et al. Non-fullerene acceptors with branched side chains and improved molecular packing to exceed 18% efficiency in organic solar cells. Nat. Energy 6, 605–613 (2021).10.1038/s41560-021-00820-x ↗
48. Cui, Y. et al. Organic photovoltaic cell with 17% efficiency and superior processability. Natl Sci. Rev. 7, 1239–1246 (2020).10.1093/nsr/nwz200 ↗
49. Wu, J. et al. Random terpolymer based on thiophene-thiazolothiazole unit enabling efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells. Nat. Commun. 11, 4612 (2020).10.1038/s41467-020-18378-9 ↗
50. Luo, S. et al. Auxiliary sequential deposition enables 19%-efficiency organic solar cells processed from halogen-free solvents. Nat. Commun. 14, 6964 (2023).10.1038/s41467-023-41978-0 ↗
51. Zhu, L. et al. Achieving 20.8% organic solar cells via additive-assisted layer-by-layer fabrication with bulk pin structure and improved optical management. Joule 8, 3153–3168 (2024).10.1016/j.joule.2024.08.001 ↗
52. Yu, Y. et al. Naphthalene diimide-based cathode interlayer material enables 20.2% efficiency in organic photovoltaic cells. Sci. China Chem. 67, 4194–4201 (2024).10.1007/s11426-024-2244-8 ↗
53. Chen, Z. et al. 20.2% efficiency organic photovoltaics employing a π‐extension quinoxaline‐based acceptor with ordered arrangement. Adv. Mater. 36, 2406690 (2024).10.1002/adma.202406690 ↗
54. Chen, H. et al. Organic solar cells with 20.82% efficiency and high tolerance of active layer thickness through crystallization sequence manipulation. Nat. Mater. 24, 444–453 (2025).10.1038/s41563-024-02062-0 ↗
55. Chen, C. et al. Molecular interaction induced dual fibrils towards organic solar cells with certified efficiency over 20. Nat. Commun. 15, 6865 (2024).10.1038/s41467-024-51359-w ↗
56. Li, C. et al. Highly efficient organic solar cells enabled by suppressing triplet exciton formation and non-radiative recombination. Nat. Commun. 15, 8872 (2024).10.1038/s41467-024-53286-2 ↗
57. Guan, S. et al. Fine-tuning the hierarchical morphology of multi-component organic photovoltaics via a dual-additive strategy for 20.5% efficiency. Energy Environ. Sci. 18, 313–321 (2025).10.1039/D4EE03778B ↗