Vesicular antibodies for immunotherapy: The blooming intersection of nanotechnology and biotechnology

Abstract The resistant biological properties of natural secreted antibodies have been proved across a spectrum of diseases, including cancers, infections, and immune disorders. At the interface of nanotechnology and biotechnology, the genetically engineered membrane nanovesicles (MVs) with specific cavity structure and ideal surface protein anchoring have presented excellent performance in functional moieties delivery with high physicochemical stability and biocompatibility. Furthermore, vesicular antibodies that express functional antibodies on MVs via genetic engineering methods could successfully bridge the superiority of functional antibodies and natural MVs. It would be a portfolio strategy to incorporate molecule-targeted and immune-targeted therapies into an efficient regimen, just like “guided missiles”.