Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated Crataegus azarolus fruits: biomedical applications and molecular docking insights
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Green nanotechnology offers promising opportunities for the development of multifunctional therapeutic agents derived from plant bioresources. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using Crataegus azarolus fruit extract ( Ca FrE) and characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, TEM, zeta potential, and DLS analyses. Biological evaluation revealed that Ca FrE-AgNPs had a greater antioxidant capacity than the plant extract, with DPPH IC 50 values of 47.75 μg/mL, ABTS IC 50 values of 67.4 μg/mL, and FRAP EC 0 . 5 values of 156.25 μg/mL. These values represent an improvement on those of Ca FrE alone. Antimicrobial assays revealed potent bactericidal activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 1.95 to 15.62 μg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values from 3.90 to 31.24 μg/mL, as well as notable antibiofilm efficacy. Additionally, Ca FrE-AgNPs were found to induce cytotoxic effects in A549 lung cancer cells via Annexin V-FITC/PI analysis. This test revealed a substantial increase in early apoptotic cells (38 %) following treatment, confirming apoptosis as the predominant mechanism of cell death. To explore the potential molecular mechanisms, molecular docking was performed using the major phytochemicals identified in C. azarolus . Flavonoids, such as quercetin, exhibited strong binding affinities toward proteins associated with the regulation of oxidative stress, bacterial virulence, and apoptosis pathways. This supports their potential contribution to the biological activity of the nanoparticles. Overall, these results suggest that Ca FrE-AgNPs are a multifunctional, phytochemical-capped nanoplatform that combines antioxidant, antibacterial, and apoptosis-inducing properties. This highlights the potential of plant-mediated nanomaterials in developing sustainable strategies against diseases related to oxidative stress, antimicrobial resistance, and cancer.
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Research context
OpenAlex topics: Botanical Studies and Applications · Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities · Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques , School of Life Sciences, Dijlah University , Baghdad , Iraq
Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development LASED LR18ES32, Sfax Preparatory Institute for Engineering Studies, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
Department of Biotechnology , College of Applied Sciences, University of Technology , Baghdad , Iraq
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, University of Manara , Maysan , Iraq
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy, Qassim University , Qassim , 51452 , Saudi Arabia
Department of Biotechnology , College of Science, University of Diyala , Baghdad , Iraq
Department of Biology , College of Science, Taif University , P.O. Box 11099 , Taif , 21944 , Saudi Arabia
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