Numerical investigation and optimization of unsteady micropolar nanofluid flow over a stretching surface using response surface methodology
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract This study analyzes the micropolar nano liquid flow over an obliquely stretched, porous surface with a focus on energy transport. The model incorporates magnetic effects, porosity, and slip conditions in velocity and concentration, under thermal convective boundaries. Using similar transformations, the governing equations are reduced and answered statistically via the bvp4c approach in MATLAB, along with the shooting method, is devoted to obtaining the calculations, which are addressed via graphs and tables. The influence of key material parameters on flow and heat transfer characteristics is examined using response surface methodology (RSM). This approach is employed to analyze and optimize the effects of principal controlling factors on skin-friction, Nusselt number, and related transport quantities. The numerical findings, verified against previously published results, demonstrate strong sensitivity of the flow behavior to variations in magnetic field intensity, permeability, and thermophysical properties. These insights contribute to improved design strategies in thermal management systems and micro-scale fluidic technologies. For the two evaluated scenarios, the adjusted R-squared and R-squared values for skin-friction are obtained as 98.39 % and 98.92 %, respectively, indicating excellent predictive accuracy of the statistical models. The Sherwood number exhibits greater sensitivity to Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and Dufour effects compared to heat generation parameters. The outcomes of this study provide practical design guidance for thermal management systems, nanofluid-based cooling technologies, micro-scale fluidic devices, biomedical transport systems, porous media reactors, electromagnetic flow control devices, and energy conversion systems, highlighting the engineering significance of the present investigation.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer · Heat Transfer and Optimization · Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Mathematics , Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF) , Guntur 522302 , Andhra Pradesh , India
Department of Mathematics , Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Deemed to be University , Vijayawada 520007 , Andhra Pradesh , India
Department of Mechanical Engineering , Sejong University , Seoul 05006 , Republic of Korea
References (26)
Show source-provided references
1. Choi, SUS, Eastman, JA. Enhancing thermal conductivity fluids with nanoparticles. Am Soc Mech Eng 1995;231:99–106.10.1115/IMECE1995-0926 ↗
2. Reddy, MG. Boundary layer flow of a nanofluid past a stretching sheet. J Sci Res 2014;6:257–72. https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17233.10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17233 ↗
3. Sayehvand, HO, Parsa, AB. A new numerical method for investigation of thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects MHD nanofluid flow and heat transfer between parallel plates partially filled with porous medium. Results Phys 2017;7:1595–607.10.1016/j.rinp.2017.02.004 ↗
4. Rudraswamy, NG, Gireesha, BJ. Influence of chemical reaction and thermal radiation on MHD boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid over an exponentially stretching sheet. Appl Mathe Phys 2014;2:24–32. https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2014.22004.10.4236/jamp.2014.22004 ↗
5. Rashidi, S, Akar, S, Bovand, M, Ellahi, R. Volume of fluid model to simulate the nanofluid flow and entropy generation in a single solar still. Renew Energy 2018;115:400–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.08.059.10.1016/j.renene.2017.08.059 ↗
6. Hayat, T, Khan, MI, Waqas, M, Alsaedi, A, Farooq, M. Numerical simulation for melting heat transfer and radiation effects in stagnation point flow of carbon-water nanofluid. Comput Methods 2017;315:1011–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2016.11.033.10.1016/j.cma.2016.11.033 ↗
7. Das, K, Jana, S, Kunda, PK. Thermophoretic MHD slip flow over a permeable surface with variable fluid properties. Alex Eng J 2015;54:35–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2014.11.005.10.1016/j.aej.2014.11.005 ↗
8. Ibrahim, W, Makinde, OD. Magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point flow of a power-law nanofluid towards a convectively heated stretching sheet with slip. Proc Inst Mech Eng, J Proc Mech Eng 2016;230:345–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954408914550357.10.1177/0954408914550357 ↗
9. Reddy, MG, Manjula, J, Padma, P. Influence of second-order velocity slip and double stratification on MHD 3D casson nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet. J Nanofluids 2017;6:436–46. https://doi.org/10.1166/jon.2017.1342.10.1166/jon.2017.1342 ↗
10. Hakeem, AKA, Ganesh, NV, Ganga, B. Magnetic field effects on second order slip flow of nanofluid over a stretching/shrinking sheet with thermal radiation effect. J Magn Magn Mater 2015;381:243–57.10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.12.010 ↗
11. Schowalter, WR. The application of boundary-layer theory of power-law pseudoplastic fluids: similar solutions. AIChE J 1960;6:24–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690060105.10.1002/aic.690060105 ↗
12. Kishan, N, Kavitha, P. MHD non-newtonian power law fluid flow and heat transfer past a nonlinear stretching surface with thermal radiation and viscous dissipation. J Appl Sci Eng 2014;17:267–74.
13. Riaz, A, Ellahi, R, Nadeem, S. Peristaltic transport of carreau fluid in a compliant rectangular duct. Alex Eng J 2014;53:475–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2014.01.005.10.1016/j.aej.2014.01.005 ↗
14. Ellai, R, Bhatti, MM, Pop, I. Effects of hall and ion slop on MHD peristaltic flow of jefferey fluid in a non-uniform rectangular duct. Int J Numer Methods 2016;26:1802–20.10.1108/HFF-02-2015-0045 ↗
15. Raju, CSK, Sandeep, N. Heat and mass transfer in MHD non-newtonian bio-convection flow over a rotating cone/plate with cross diffusion. J Mol Liq 2016;215:115–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2015.12.058.10.1016/j.molliq.2015.12.058 ↗
16. Reddy, JVR, Ananth Kumar, K, Sugunamma, V, Sandeep, N. Effects of cross diffusion on MHD non-newtonian fluid flow past a stretching sheet with non-uniform heat source/sink. Alex Eng J 2018;57:1829–38.10.1016/j.aej.2017.03.008 ↗
17. Khan, M, Hasim, AS, Hussain, M, Azam, M. Magnetohydrodynamic flow of carreau fluid over a convectively heated surface in the presence of non-linear radiation. J Magn Magn Mater 2016;412:63–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.03.077.10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.03.077 ↗
18. Reddy, MG, Mvvnls, R, Makinde, OD. Effects of nonlinear radiation and thermos-diffusion on MHD carreau fluid past a streching surface with slip, advances in nonlinear heat transfer in fluids and solids. Diffus Found 2017;11:57–71.10.4028/www.scientific.net/DF.11.57 ↗
19. Khan, M, Azam, M. Unsteady heat and mass transfer mechanism in MHD carreau nanofluid flow. J Mol Liq 2017;225:554–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2016.11.107.10.1016/j.molliq.2016.11.107 ↗
20. Eid, MR, Jamshed, W, Goud, BS, Usman, IRW, El-Din, SM, El Din, SM, et al.. Mathematical analysis for energy transfer of micropolar magnetic viscous nanofluid flow on permeable inclined surface and dufour impact. Case Stud Therm Eng 2023;49:103296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2023.103296.10.1016/j.csite.2023.103296 ↗
21. Manjunatha, S, Kumar, JS, Rehman, KU, Shatanawi, W, Varma, SVK. Thermal radiation and thermo-diffusion in casson-ferrofluid over a magnetized porous surface: RSM analysis. Int J Thermofluids 2025;26:101130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101130.10.1016/j.ijft.2025.101130 ↗
22. Khan, SA, Abdellatif, HE, Belaadi, A, Arshad, A, Liu, H. Numerical study of shell and tube thermal energy storage system: enhancing solidification performance with single-walled carbon nanotubes in phase change material. Int Commun Heat Mass Tran 2025;160:108338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108338.10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108338 ↗
23. Ahmad, MW, Hayat, T, Khan, SA. Thermal transport analysis for ternary hybrid nanomaterial flow subject to radiation and convective condition. Results Eng 2024;24:103055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103055.10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103055 ↗
24. Aziz, S, Farooq, U, Khan, SA, Fatima, N, Ching, DLC, Khan, I, et al.. Computational analysis for thermal radiation and heat source–sink on ternary hybrid nanofluid flow with cattaneo–christov heat flux over a stretching surface. J Radiat Res Appl Sci 2025;18:101565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101565.10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101565 ↗
25. Yaseen, M, Rawat, SK, Shah, NA, Kumar, M, Eldin, SM. Ternary hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic microorganisms over three different geometries with cattaneo–christov model. Mathematics 2023;11:237. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11051237.10.3390/math11051237 ↗
26. Sheikh, M, Bibi, Z, Hasnain, J. Temporal analysis of ternary-hybrid nanomaterial flow in the vicinity of howarth stagnation point: insights from the cattaneo-christov heat flux model. Alex Eng J 2025;129:226–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2025.06.017.10.1016/j.aej.2025.06.017 ↗