Silver nanoparticles in the thermal silver plating of aluminium busbar joints
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Thermal silver plating method by means of nanosilver-based paint could be an alternative to electrochemical processes. Electrochemical silver layering on aluminium is typically achieved with an intermediate layer, which provides very good adhesion of the layer to the aluminium surface but increases the resistance of the whole junction system. In the method of silver plating promoted by the authors, the intermediate layer is eliminated. The layer of silver paint was applied directly on the aluminium surface by spraying using aerograph. Procured silver layers, according to ISO 2409, prove proper adhesion to aluminium. The value of contact resistance with a pressure of 300 N cm−2 and current load of 200 A is 0.03 μΩ mm−2, which is comparable to the contact resistance of layers generated by electrochemical means. This new method decreases the level of toxic waste emission and therefore is less harmful for the natural environment. It is also cheaper and simpler than the electrochemical process. An additional advantage is the possibility of silver plating of the chosen surfaces with various shapes.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Electrodeposition and Electroless Coatings · Anodic Oxide Films and Nanostructures · Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Abraxas Olgierd Jeremiasz, 27 Piaskowa Str. , Wodzislaw Slaski 44-300 , Poland
Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mechatronics, 8 Andrzeja Boboli Str. , Warsaw 02-525 , Poland
Helioenergia Sp. z o.o., 68 Rybnicka Str. , Czerwionka-Leszczyny 44-238 , Poland
Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science Polish Academy of Science, 25 Reymonta Str. , Cracow 30-059 , Poland
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
References (27)
Show source-provided references
1. TIBTECH Innovations. Electrical or thermal conductivity, resistivity, density and melting point, Retrieved from http://www.tibtech.com/conductivity.php. Accessed 17 July, 2017.
2. Deutsches Kupferinstitut. Specific resistances of some metallic materials and different soils. Retrieved from https://www.kupferinstitut.de/en/materials/application/e-energie/conductor-materials.html. Accessed 19 June, 2017.
3. London Metal Exchange. Current calendar year MASP prices. Prices – May 2017, Copper. Retrieved from https://www.lme.com/Market-Data/Reports-and-data/Monthly-averages. Accessed 24 May, 2017.
4. London Metal Exchange. Current calendar year MASP prices. Prices – May 2017, Aluminium. Retrieved from https://www.lme.com/Market-Data/Reports-and-data/Monthly-averages, Accessed 24 May, 2017.
5. Braunovic M. Electrical contacts: Fundamentals, Applications and Technology. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2007, pp. 189–259.
6. Slade PG. Electrical Contacts: Principles and Applications, 2nd ed. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2017, p. 103.10.1201/b15640 ↗
7. Fuhrmann T, Schlegel S, Großmann S, Hoidis M. Comparison between nickel and silver as coating materials of conductors made of copper or aluminium used in electric power engineering. In 27th International Conference on Electrical Contacts, Dresden, Germany, June 2014, pp. 478–483.
8. Fuhrmann T, Schlegel S, Großmann S, Hoidis M. Investigations on stationary electrical joints with a bare and a silver or nickel coated contact partner regarding the permissible temperature limit according to ANSI IEEE and IEO. In 2014 IEEE 60th Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts (Holm), New Orleans, LA, 2014, pp. 1–8.10.1109/HOLM.2014.7031050 ↗
9. Biestek T. Poradnik Galwanotechnika. WNT: Warsaw, Poland, 2002, pp. 312–313.
10. Kiełbasiński K, Krzemiński J, Młożniak A, Zwierkowska E, Jeremiasz O, Jakubowska M, Szałapak J, Pawłowski R. New technology of silvering aluminium busbar joints with the use of printable paste containing nano-size Ag particles. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 2015, 26, 1832–1837.10.1007/s10854-014-2618-3 ↗
11. Kiełbasiński K, Szalapak J, Krzeminski J, Młożniak A, Zwierkowska E, Teodorczyk M, Jeremiasz O, Jakubowska M. Aluminium silvering of high current connectors using printing techniques and nanopowders. In Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference, Helsinki, Finland, September 2014, pp. 640–643.10.1109/ESTC.2014.6962825 ↗
12. Lee JB, Lee SU, Kim SS, Kim BJ, Kim HJ, Yoo YS, Kim JG, Hong GW, Lee HG. Mechanical and electrical characteristics of silver stabilizer layer prepared by using nano silver paste for coated conductor. Physica C 2009, 469, 952–955.10.1016/j.physc.2009.05.250 ↗
13. Rao CRK, Trivedi DC. Biphasic synthesis of fatty acids stabilized silver nanoparticles: role of experimental conditions on particle size. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2006, 99, 354–360.10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.11.004 ↗
14. Pawłowski R, Jakubowska M, Sobik P, Krzemiński J, Halama O, Kiełbasiński K, Nikiel W, Szałapak J. Large-scale technology in silver nanopowder production. Elektronika (LVI), no 10/2015, 27–30.
15. Hosseinpour-Mashkani SM, Ramezani M. Silver and silver oxide nanoparticles: synthesis and characterization by thermal decomposition. Mater. Lett. 2014, 130, 259–262.10.1016/j.matlet.2014.05.133 ↗
16. Rao CRK, Trivedi DC. Synthesis and characterization of fatty acids passivated silver nanoparticles – their interaction with PPy. Synth. Met. 2005, 155, 324–327.10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.01.038 ↗
17. Jakubowska M, Jarosz M, Kiełbasiński K, Młożniak A. New conductive thick-film paste based on silver nanopowder for high power and high temperature applications. Microelectron. Reliab. 2011, 51, 1235–1240.10.1016/j.microrel.2011.04.015 ↗
18. Theivasanthi T, Alagar M. Electrolytic synthesis and characterizations of silver nanopowder. Nano Biomed. Eng. 2012, 4, 58–65.10.5101/nbe.v4i2.p58-65 ↗
19. Risdiyanto A, Arifin M, Khayam U, Suwarno. Study on temperature distribution at busbar connection based on contact resistance of different plating contact surface. In Joint International Conference on Rural Information & Communication Technology and Electric-Vehicle Technology (rICT & ICeV-T), Bandung-Bali, Indonesia, November 2013, pp. 1–6.10.1109/rICT-ICeVT.2013.6741537 ↗
20. El-Nour KMMA, Eftaiha A, Al-Warthan A, Ammar RAA. Synthesis and applications of silver nanoparticles. Arab. J. Chem. 2010, 3, 135–140.10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.04.008 ↗
21. Joo S, Baldwin DF. Adhesion mechanisms of nanoparticle silver to substrate materials: identification. Nanotechnology 2010, 21, 055204.10.1088/0957-4484/21/5/055204 ↗
22. Jakubowska M, Jarosz M, Jeremiasz O, Młożniak A, Teodorczyk M. Method of silvering surfaces, especially aluminium surfaces. EP2447313, 2013.
23. Kiełbasiński K, Szałapak J, Jakubowska M. Młożniak A, Zwierkowska E, Krzemiński K, Teodorczyk M. Influence of nanoparticles content in silver paste on mechanical and electrical properties of LTJT joints. Adv. Powder Technol. 2015, 26, 907–913.10.1016/j.apt.2015.03.007 ↗
24. ISO 2409:2013, Paints and varnishes – cross-cut test, 2013.
25. Imrell T. The importance of the thickness of silver coating in the corrosion behaviour of copper contacts. In IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts, Chicago, USA, October 1991, pp. 237–243.10.1109/HOLM.1991.170829 ↗
26. Chudnovsky BH. Electrical Power Transmission and Distribution: Aging and Life Extension. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2013, p. 116.
27. Slade PG. Electrical Contacts, Principles and Applications, 2nd ed. CRC Press: Boca Raton, 2014, pp. 120–122.