Utilization of red mud for producing a high strength binder by composition optimization and nano strengthening
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Recycling of red mud (RM) has attracted more attention in recent years due to severe environmental problems caused by landfilling. The effect of composition optimization and Nano-strengthening on the properties of a binder based on RM was studied in this paper. Results showed that modifying ratios of main oxides and adding Nano-SiO2could obviously affect the mechanical properties and microstructure of the binder. Specimens with high SiO2/Al2O3molar ratio (S/A) displayed considerable increase in compressive strength, while decreasing Na2O/Al2O3molar ratio (N/A) improved the workability of the fresh mix. The compressive strength was developed significantly to be 45 MPa at 28 days by adding Nano-SiO2with 0.4 wt.% of RM. Phase transformation and microstructure change at different stages of RM decomposition and binder geopolyerization were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of this study may provide a prospective method to use RM more widely in construction applications.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Bauxite Residue and Utilization · Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
School of Civil Engineering, Northeast Forestry University , Harbin 150040 , China
References (66)
Show source-provided references
1. Poulin É, Blais JF, Mercier G. Transformation of red mud from aluminium industry into a coagulant for wastewater treatment. Hydrometallurgy. 2008;92(1-2):16–25.10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.02.004 ↗
2. Power G, Gräfe M, Klauber C. Bauxite residue issues: I. Current management, disposal and storage practices. Hydrometallurgy. 2011;108(1-2):33–45.10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.02.006 ↗
3. Liu W, Chen X, Li W, Yu Y, Yan K. Environmental assessment, management and utilization of red mud in China. J Clean Prod. 2014;84:606–10.10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.06.080 ↗
4. Smith P. The processing of high silica bauxites— review of existing and potential processes. Hydrometallurgy. 2009;98(1-2):162–76.10.1016/j.hydromet.2009.04.015 ↗
5. Liu Y, Lin C, Wu Y. Characterization of red mud derived from a combined Bayer Process and bauxite calcination method. J Hazard Mater. 2007 Jul;146(1-2):255–61.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.12.015 ↗
6. Liu S, Guan X, Zhang S, Dou Z, Feng C, Zhang H, et al. Sintered bayer red mud based ceramic bricks: microstructure evolution and alkalis immobilization mechanism. Ceram Int. 2017;43(15):13004–8.10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.07.036 ↗
7. Zouboulis AI, Kydros KA. Use of red mud for toxic metals removal: the case of nickel. J Chem Technol Biotechnol. 2007;58(1):95–101.10.1002/jctb.280580114 ↗
8. Gräfe M, Power G, Klauber C. Bauxite residue issues: III. Alkalinity and associated chemistry. Hydrometallurgy. 2011;108(1-2):60–79.10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.02.004 ↗
9. Zhang M, Zhao M, Zhang G,Mann D, Lumsden K, Tao M. Durability of red mud-fly ash based geopolymer and leaching behavior of heavy metals in sulfuric acid solutions and deionized water. Constr Build Mater. 2016;124:373–82.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.108 ↗
10. Liu W, Yang J, Xiao B. Review on treatment and utilization of bauxite residues in China. Int J Miner Process. 2009;93(3-4):220–31.10.1016/j.minpro.2009.08.005 ↗
11. Liu W, Yang J, Xiao B. Application of Bayer red mud for iron recovery and buildingmaterial production from alumosilicate residues. J Hazard Mater. 2009 Jan;161(1):474–8.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.122 ↗
12. Mišík M, Burke IT, Reismüller M, Pichler C, Rainer B, Mišíková K, et al. Red mud a byproduct of aluminum production contains soluble vanadium that causes genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in higher plants. Sci Total Environ. 2014 Sep;493:883–90.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.052 ↗
13. Liu RX, Poon CS. Effects of red mud on properties of self-compacting mortar. J Clean Prod. 2016;135:1170–8.10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.052 ↗
14. Liu RX, Poon CS. Utilization of red mud derived from bauxite in self-compacting concrete. J Clean Prod. 2016;112(1):384–91.
15. Khairul MA, Zanganeh J, Moghtaderi B. The composition, recycling and utilisation of Bayer red mud. Res. Conserv. Rec. 2019;141:483–98.
16. Lopez E, Soto B, Arias M, Nunez A, Rubinos D, Barral M. Adsorbent properties of red mud and its use for wastewater treatment. Water Res. 1998;32(4):1314–22.10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00326-6 ↗
17. Mesgari Abbasi S, Rashidi A, Ghorbani A, Khalaj G. Synthesis, processing, characterization, and applications of red mud/carbon nanotube composites. Ceram Int.2016;42(15):16738–43.10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.07.146 ↗
18. Liu Y, Naidu R. Hidden values in bauxite residue (red mud): recovery of metals. Waste Manag. 2014 Dec;34(12):2662–73.10.1016/j.wasman.2014.09.003 ↗
19. Klauber C, Gräfe M, Power G. Bauxite residue issues: II. options for residue utilization. Hydrometallurgy. 2011;108(1-2):11–32.10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.02.007 ↗
20. Mukiza E, Zhang L, Liu X, Zhang N. Utilization of red mud in road base and subgrade materials: A review. Res. Conserv. Rec. 2019;141:187–99.
21. Hajjaji W, Andrejkovičová S, Zanelli C, Alshaaer M, Dondi M, Labrincha J, et al. Composition and technological properties of geopolymers based on metakaolin and red mud. Mater Des. 2013;52:648–54.10.1016/j.matdes.2013.05.058 ↗
22. Duxson P, Mallicoat SW, Lukey GC, Kriven WM, van Deventer JS. The effect of alkali and Si/Al ratio on the development of mechanical properties of metakaolin-based geopolymers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2007;292(1):8–20.10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.05.044 ↗
23. Abdel-Raheem M, Santana LG, Cordava MP, Martínez BO. Uses of Red Mud as a Construction Material. AEI. 2017;2017:388–99.10.1061/9780784480502.032 ↗
24. Liu X, Zhang N, Sun H, Zhang J, Li L. Structural investigation relating to the cementitious activity of bauxite residue - Red mud. Cement Concr Res. 2011;41(8):847–53.10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.04.004 ↗
25. Carneiro J, Tobaldi DM, Capela MN, Novais RM, Seabra MP, Labrincha JA. Synthesis of ceramic pigments from industrialwastes: red mud and electroplating sludge. Waste Manag. 2018 Oct;80:371–8.10.1016/j.wasman.2018.09.032 ↗
26. Chen X, Lu A, Qu G. Preparation and characterization of foam ceramics from red mud and fly ash using sodium silicate as foaming agent. Ceram Int. 2013;39(2):1923–9.10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.08.042 ↗
27. Yang J, Zhang D, Hou J, He B, Xiao B. Preparation of glass-ceramics from red mud in the aluminium industries. Ceram Int. 2008;34(1):125–30.10.1016/j.ceramint.2006.08.013 ↗
28. Yalçın N, Sevinç V. Utilization of bauxite waste in ceramic glazes. Ceram Int. 2000;26(5):485–93.10.1016/S0272-8842(99)00083-8 ↗
29. Erol M, Küçükbayrak S, Ersoy-Meriçboyu A. The influence of the binder on the properties of sintered glass-ceramics produced from industrial wastes. Ceram Int. 2009;35(7):2609–17.10.1016/j.ceramint.2009.02.028 ↗
30. Singh M, Upadhayay SN, Prasad PM. Preparation of special cements from red mud. Waste Manag. 1996;16(8):665–70.10.1016/S0956-053X(97)00004-4 ↗
31. Tsakiridis PE, Agatzini-Leonardou S, Oustadakis P. Red mud addition in the raw meal for the production of Portland cement clinker. J Hazard Mater. 2004 Dec;116(1-2):103–10.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.08.002 ↗
32. Singh M, Upadhayay SN, Prasad PM. Preparation of iron rich cements using red mud. Cement Concr Res. 1997;27(7):1037–46.10.1016/S0008-8846(97)00101-4 ↗
33. Pinnock WR, Gordon JN. Assessment of strength development in Bayer-process residues. J Mater Sci. 1992;27(3):692–6.10.1007/BF02403881 ↗
34. Davidovits J. Geopolymers: inorganic polymeric new materials. J Therm Anal Calorim. 1991;37(8):1633–56.10.1007/BF01912193 ↗
35. Duxson P, Fernández-Jiménez A, Provis JL, Lukey GC, Palomo A, van Deventer JS. Geopolymer technology: the current state of the art. J Mater Sci. 2007;42(9):2917–33.10.1007/s10853-006-0637-z ↗
36. Barbosa VF, MacKenzie KJ, Thaumaturgo C. Synthesis and characterisation of materials based on inorganic polymers of alumina and silica: sodium polysialate polymers. Int J Inorg Mater. 2000;2(4):309–17.10.1016/S1466-6049(00)00041-6 ↗
37. Rowles M, O’Connor B. Chemical optimisation of the compressive strength of aluminosilicate geopolymers synthesised by sodium silicate activation of metakaolinite. J Mater Chem. 2003;13(5):1161–5.10.1039/b212629j ↗
38. Granizo ML, Blanco-VarelaMT, Palomo A. Influence of the starting kaolin on alkali-activated materials based on metakaolin. Study of the reaction parameters by isothermal conduction calorimetry. J Mater Sci. 2000;35(24):6309–15.10.1023/A:1026790924882 ↗
39. Duxson P, Provis JL. Designing Precursors for Geopolymer Cements. J Am Ceram Soc. 2008;91(12):3864–9.10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02787.x ↗
40. Choo H, Lim S, Lee W, Lee C. Compressive strength of one-part alkali activated fly ash using red mud as alkali supplier. Constr Build Mater. 2016;125:21–8.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.015 ↗
41. Chen X, Guo Y, Ding S, Zhang H, Xia F, Wang J, et al. Utilization of red mud in geopolymer-based pervious concrete with function of adsorption of heavy metal ions. J Clean Prod. 2019;207:789–800.10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.263 ↗
42. Ye N, Yang J, Liang S, Hu Y, Hu J, Xiao B, et al. Synthesis and strength optimization of one-part geopolymer based on red mud. Constr Build Mater. 2016;111:317–25.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.099 ↗
43. Ye N, Yang J, Ke X, Zhu J, Li Y, Xiang C, et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Geopolymer from Bayer Red Mud with Thermal Pretreatment. J Am Ceram Soc. 2014;97(5):1652–60.10.1111/jace.12840 ↗
44. Kaya K, Soyer-Uzun S. Evolution of structural characteristics and compressive strength in red mud–metakaolin based geopolymer systems. Ceram Int. 2016;42(6):7406–13.10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.01.144 ↗
45. He J, Zhang G. Geopolymerization of red mud and fly ash for civil infrastructure applications. Geo-Frontiers 2011: Adv. Geotechn. Eng.; 2011. pp. 1287–96.10.1061/41165(397)132 ↗
46. He J, Jie Y, Zhang J, Yu Y, Zhang G. Synthesis and characterization of red mud and rice husk ash-based geopolymer composites. Cement Concr Compos. 2013;37:108–18.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.11.010 ↗
47. Hairi SN, Jameson GN, Rogers JJ, MacKenzie KJ. Synthesis and properties of inorganic polymers (geopolymers) derived from Bayer process residue (red mud) and bauxite. J Mater Sci. 2015;50(23):7713–24.10.1007/s10853-015-9338-9 ↗
48. He J, Zhang J, Yu Y, Zhang G. The strength and microstructure of two geopolymers derived from metakaolin and red mud-fly ash admixture: A comparative study. Constr BuildMater. 2012;30:80–91.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.011 ↗
49. Ke X, Bernal SA, Ye N, Provis JL, Yang J. One-Part Geopolymers Based on Thermally Treated Red Mud/NaOH Blends. J Am Ceram Soc. 2015;98(1):5–11.10.1111/jace.13231 ↗
50. Karimi M, Mirshekari H, Aliakbari M, Sahandi-Zangabad P, Hamblin Michael R. Smart mesoporous silica nanoparticles for controlled-release drug delivery. Nanotechnol Rev. 2016;5(2):195–207.10.1515/ntrev-2015-0057 ↗
51. Rashwan K, Brakke E, Sereda G. Fluorescent labeling ofmaterials using silica nanoparticles. Nanotechnol Rev. 2014;3(6):591–6.10.1515/ntrev-2014-0008 ↗
52. Nakamura M. Biomedical applications of organosilica nanoparticles toward theranostics. Nanotechnol Rev. 2012;1(6):469–91.10.1515/ntrev-2012-0005 ↗
53. Jo BW, Kim CH, Tae G, Park JB. Characteristics of cement mortar with nano-SiO2 particles. Constr Build Mater. 2007;21(6):1351–5.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.12.020 ↗
54. Phoo-ngernkham T, Chindaprasirt P, Sata V, Hanjitsuwan S, Hatanaka S. The effect of adding nano-SiO2 and nano-Al2O3 on properties of high calcium fly ash geopolymer cured at ambient temperature. Mater Des. 2014;55:58–65.10.1016/j.matdes.2013.09.049 ↗
55. Senff L, Labrincha JA, Ferreira VM, Hotza D, Repette WL. Effect of nano-silica on rheology and fresh properties of cement pastes and mortars. Constr Build Mater. 2009;23(7):2487–91.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.02.005 ↗
56. Nazari A, Riahi S. The effects of SiO2 nanoparticles on physical and mechanical properties of high strength compacting concrete. Compos, Part B Eng. 2011;42(3):570–8.10.1016/j.compositesb.2010.09.025 ↗
57. Stefanidou M, Papayianni I. Influence of nano-SiO2 on the Portland cement pastes. Compos, Part B Eng. 2012;43(6):2706–10.10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.12.015 ↗
58. Kawashima S, Hou P, Corr DJ, Shah SP. Modification of cement-based materials with nanoparticles. Cement Concr Compos. 2013;36:8–15.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.06.012 ↗
59. Qing Y, Zenan Z, Deyu K, Rongshen C. Influence of nano-SiO2 addition on properties of hardened cement paste as compared with silica fume. Constr Build Mater. 2007;21(3):539–45.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.09.001 ↗
60. Standard Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle.
61. Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens).
62. Alp A, Goral M. The Influence of Soda Additive on the Thermal Properties of Red Mud. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2003;73(1):201–7.10.1023/A:1025197927673 ↗
63. van Jaarsveld JG, van Deventer JS. Effect of the Alkali Metal Activator on the Properties of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers. Ind Eng Chem Res. 1999;38(10):3932–41.10.1021/ie980804b ↗
64. Ye N, Chen Y, Yang J, Liang S, Hu Y, Hu J, et al. Transformations of Na, Al, Si and Fe species in red mud during synthesis of one-part geopolymers. Cement Concr Res. 2017;101:123–30.10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.08.027 ↗
65. Hu Y, Liang S, Yang J, Chen Y, Ye N, Ke Y, et al. Role of Fe species in geopolymer synthesized from alkali-thermal pretreated Fe-rich Bayer red mud. Constr Build Mater. 2019;200:398–407.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.122 ↗
66. Panias D, Giannopoulou IP, Perraki T. Effect of synthesis parameters on the mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2007;301(1-3):246–54.10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.12.064 ↗