Interfacial interactions and reinforcing mechanisms of cellulose and chitin nanomaterials and starch derivatives for cement and concrete strength and durability enhancement: A review
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Nanomaterials have been widely researched for use in construction materials. Numerous studies demonstrate that nanomaterials in small quantities can significantly improve the macroscopic properties of cement paste, mortar, or concrete through various mechanisms. Nanomaterials retrieved from biomass sources have recently gained particular research interest due to remarkable structural properties and the source material’s abundance and renewability. Cellulose and chitin are the most abundant polysaccharides in nature; thus, they are candidates for nanomaterials extraction as multifunctional additives in cementitious systems. In recent years, cellulose nanomaterials in cementitious composites have been extensively investigated, but chitin nanomaterials and starch derivatives for cement and concrete are still emerging research areas. This review article starts with an overview of polysaccharide nanomaterials’ (PNMs) physicochemical properties as a result of different chemical and mechanical extraction processes. Next a brief overview of cement hydration chemistry and microstructure and the interfacial interactions between the cement and the various surface chemical functionalities of PNMs are discussed. Then, the key mechanisms governing the cement strength enhancement by PNMs, such as bridging, nucleating and filling effect, and internal curing, are described. Finally, the impacts of PNMs on other properties of the cement are discussed.
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Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Cellulose Research Studies · Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Microbial Applications in Construction Materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Composite Materials & Engineering Center, Washington State University , Pullman , WA 99164 , United States of America
Institute of New Bamboo and Rattan Based Biomaterials, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan , Beijing 100102 , China
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , WA 99352 , United States of America
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University , Pullman , WA 99164 , United States of America
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