journal article·2022-06-21Open access

Cutting-edge development in waste-recycled nanomaterials for energy storage and conversion applications

Mohamad Abd Elkodous, Hesham A. Hamad, Mohamad I. A. Abdel Maksoud, Gomaa A. M. Ali, Mouna El Abboubi, Ahmed G. Bedir, Ahmed A. Eldeeb, Abdelmoneim A. Ayed, Zineb Gargar, Fatma S. Zaki, Dina A. M. Farage, Atsunori Matsuda, Marina R. Abdelnour, Bassant A. Sabra, Ali Elsayed, Taghreed A. Abdelrazek, Salma T. Abdelhameed, Mohamed A. Gharieb, Maisara M. Rabee, Sahar A. Aboeldiar, Nadeen A. Abdo, Abdullah M. Elwakeel, Amira S. Mahmoud, Moustafa M. M. Elsaid, Wafaa M. Omar, Rinad Abu Hania, Nouran G. Mahmoud, Ahmed S. S. Elsayed, Tarek M. Mohamed, Muhamed A. Sewidan, Mostafa A. M. Sayed, Abdulrahman A. Abbas, Ahmed H. Elsayed, Alaa Marouf Alazab, Mohamed A. Basyooni, Mona Magdy, Eman A. Mashaly, Omnia M. Salem, Suzan Saber, Ahmad Ali Hafez, Wai Kian Tan, Go Kawamura

Nanotechnology Reviews· Volume 11· Issue 1

Abstract

Abstract Agriculture and industrial wastes (AIWs) have attracted much attention because of their huge environmental, economic, and social impacts. AIWs have been considered a crucial link of a closed-loop for the fabrication of nanomaterials and composites wherein they replace traditional resources with sustainable waste in waste management. In this context, the proper disposal of AIWs is required. This review aims to investigate the technical feasibility of using innovative AIW resources and various strategies for the fabrication of nanomaterials for improving energy applications. First, the utilization of AIWs is classified comprehensively. Second, key technologies to produce nanomaterials are summarized. In addition, this review discusses the potential applications of the fabricated nanomaterials in energy storage and energy conversion.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Recycling and Waste Management Techniques · Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications · Membrane Separation Technologies

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology , 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho , Toyohashi , Aichi 441-8580 , Japan

Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland

Fabrication Technology Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City , Alexandria , Egypt

Materials Science Laboratory, Radiation Physics Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) , Cairo , Egypt

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University , 71524 , Assiut , Egypt

Department of Physics, Kocaeli University , Izmit-kocaeli , Turkey

Petroleum Application Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City , Cairo , 11727 , Egypt

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University , 31527 , Tanta , Egypt

Laboratoire des Sciences des Matériaux et Optimisation des Procédés, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University , Dakahlia , Egypt

Environmental Studies Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University , 21526 , Alexandria , Egypt

Department of Physics, Faculty of Women for Art, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Al Golf , Cairo , Egypt

Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University , Alexandria , Egypt

XLIM Lab, University of Limoges, Brive , Limoges , France

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University , 63514 , Fayoum , Egypt

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tanta University , Tanta , Egypt

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University , Damanhour , Egypt

Department of Materials and Nanosciences, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt

Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University , 35516 , Dakahlia , Egypt

Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Science, Kafr El-Sheikh University , Kafr El-Sheikh , Egypt

Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University , 12613 , Giza , Egypt

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt

Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Birzeit University, Birzeit , Ramallah , Palestine

Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women for Art, Science and Education, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt

Materials and Nanosciences, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University , 11566 , Cairo , Egypt

References (100+)

Show source-provided references
1. Elkady M, Shokry H, Hamad H. New activated carbon from mine coal for adsorption of dye in simulated water or multiple heavy metals in real wastewater. Materials. 2020;13:2498.10.3390/ma13112498 ↗
2. Kaza S, Yao L, Bhada-Tata P, Van Woerden F. What a waste 2.0: a global snapshot of solid waste management to 2050. USA: World Bank Publications; 2018.10.1596/978-1-4648-1329-0 ↗
3. Hoornweg D, Bhada-Tata P. What a waste: a global review of solid waste management; Washington, USA; 2012.10.1596/17388 ↗
4. Wilson D, Rodic-Wiersma L, Modak P, Soós R, Rogero A, Velis C, et al. Global Waste Management outlook. Vienna, Austria: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and International Solid Waste Association (ISWA); 2015.
5. Dutta T, Kim K-H, Deep A, Szulejko JE, Vellingiri K, Kumar S, et al. Recovery of nanomaterials from battery and electronic wastes: A new paradigm of environmental waste management. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2018;82:3694–704.10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.094 ↗
6. Afroz R, Masud MM, Akhtar R, Duasa JB. Survey and analysis of public knowledge, awareness and willingness to pay in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia–a case study on household WEEE management. J Clean Prod. 2013;52:185–93.10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.02.004 ↗
7. Al-Rahbi AS, Williams PT. Production of activated carbons from waste tyres for low temperature NOx control. Waste Manag. 2016;49:188–95.10.1016/j.wasman.2016.01.030 ↗
8. Dresselhaus MS, Terrones M. Carbon-based nanomaterials from a historical perspective. Proc IEEE. 2013;101:1522–35.10.1109/JPROC.2013.2261271 ↗
9. Rahman ST, Rhee KY, Park S-J. Nanostructured multifunctional electrocatalysts for efficient energy conversion systems: Recent perspectives. Nanotechnol Rev. 2021;10:137–57.10.1515/ntrev-2021-0008 ↗
10. Hamad H, Bailon-Garcia E, Maldonado-Hodar FJ, Perez-Cadenas AF, Carrasco-Marin F, Morales-Torres S. Synthesis of TixOy nanocrystals in mild synthesis conditions for the degradation of pollutants under solar light. Appl Catal B Environ. 2019;241:385–92.10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.09.016 ↗
11. Duan H, Huang Q, Wang Q, Zhou B, Li J. Hazardous waste generation and management in China: A review. J Hazard Mater. 2008;158:221–7.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.106 ↗
12. Duarah P, Haldar D, Purkait MK. Technological advancement in the synthesis and applications of lignin-based nanoparticles derived from agro-industrial waste residues: A review. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020;163:1828–43.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.076 ↗
13. Mohamed MA, Elessawy NA, Carrasco-Marín F, Hamad HA. A novel one-pot facile economic approach for the mass synthesis of exfoliated multilayered nitrogen-doped graphene-like nanosheets: new insights into the mechanistic study. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2019;21:13611–22.10.1039/C9CP01418G ↗
14. Lavorato C, Primo A, Molinari R, Garcia H. N-doped graphene derived from biomass as a visible‐light photocatalyst for hydrogen generation from water/methanol mixtures. Chemistry–A Eur J. 2014;20:187–94.10.1002/chem.201303689 ↗
15. Shalaby T, Hamad H, Ibrahim E, Mahmoud O, Al-Oufy A. Electrospun nanofibers hybrid composites membranes for highly efficient antibacterial activity. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018;162:354–64.10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.016 ↗
16. Xiang X, Xia F, Zhan L, Xie B. Preparation of zinc nano structured particles from spent zinc manganese batteries by vacuum separation and inert gas condensation. Sep Purif Technol. 2015;142:227–33.10.1016/j.seppur.2015.01.014 ↗
17. Hegde G, Abdul Manaf SA, Kumar A, Ali GAM, Chong KF, Ngaini Z, et al. Biowaste sago bark based catalyst free carbon nanospheres: waste to wealth approach. ACS Sustain Chem & Eng. 2015;5:2247–53.10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00517 ↗
18. Ali GAM, Supriya S, Chong KF, Shaaban ER, Algarni H, Maiyalagan T, et al. Superior supercapacitance behavior of oxygen self-doped carbon nanospheres: a conversion of Allium cepa peel to energy storage system. Biomass Convers Biorefinery. 2019;3:1311–23. 10.1007/s13399-019-00520.10.1007/s13399-019-00520-3 ↗
19. Ali GAM, Divyashree A, Supriya S, Chong KF, Ethiraj AS, Reddy MV, et al. Carbon nanospheres derived from Lablab purpureus for high performance supercapacitor electrodes: a green approach. Dalton Trans. 2017:46;14034–44.10.1039/C7DT02392H ↗
20. Ali GA, Manaf SA, Divyashree A, Chong KF, Hegde G. Superior supercapacitive performance in porous nanocarbons. J Energy Chem. 2016;25:734–9.10.1016/j.jechem.2016.04.007 ↗
21. Jain A, Balasubramanian R, Srinivasan MP. Hydrothermal conversion of biomass waste to activated carbon with high porosity: A review. Chem Eng J. 2016;283:789–805.10.1016/j.cej.2015.08.014 ↗
22. Habeeb OA, Ramesh K, Ali GAM, Yunus RM. Application of response surface methodology for optimization of palm kernel shell activated carbon preparation factors for removal of H2S from industrial wastewater. J Teknologi. 2017;79:1–10.10.11113/jt.v79.10183 ↗
23. Habeeb OA, Ramesh K, Ali GAM, Yunus RM. Isothermal modelling based experimental study of dissolved hydrogen sulfide adsorption from waste water using eggshell based activated carbon. Malaysian J Anal Sci. 2017;21:334–45.10.17576/mjas-2017-2102-08 ↗
24. Ayinla RT, Dennis JO, Zaid HM, Sanusi YK, Usman F, Adebayo LL. A review of technical advances of recent palm bio-waste conversion to activated carbon for energy storage. J Clean Prod. 2019;229:1427–42.10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.116 ↗
25. Habeeb OA, Ramesh K, Ali GAM, Yunus RM. Optimization of activated carbon synthesis using response surface methodology to enhance H2S removal from refinery wastewater. J Chem Eng Ind Biotechnol. 2017;1:1–17.10.15282/jceib.v1i1.3715 ↗
26. Habeeb OA, Ramesh K, Ali GAM, Yunus RM. Low-cost and eco-friendly activated carbon from modified palm kernel shell for hydrogen sulfide removal from wastewater: adsorption and kinetic studies. Desalination Water Treat. 2017;84:205–14.10.5004/dwt.2017.21196 ↗
27. Habeeb OA, Ramesh K, Ali GAM, Yunus RM, Olalere OA. Kinetic, isotherm and equilibrium study of adsorption of hydrogen sulfide from wastewater using modified eggshells. IIUM Eng J. 2017;18:13–25.10.31436/iiumej.v18i1.689 ↗
28. Ali GAM, Habeeb OA, Algarni H, Chong KF. CaO impregnated highly porous honeycomb activated carbon from agriculture waste: symmetrical supercapacitor study. J Mater Sci. 2018;54:683–92.10.1007/s10853-018-2871-6 ↗
29. Jothi Ramalingam R, Sivachidambaram M, Vijaya JJ, Al-Lohedan HA, Muthumareeswaran MR. Synthesis of porous activated carbon powder formation from fruit peel and cow dung waste for modified electrode fabrication and application. Biomass Bioenergy. 2020;142:105800.10.1016/j.biombioe.2020.105800 ↗
30. Taer E, Apriwandi A, Taslim R, Agutino A, Yusra DA. Conversion Syzygium oleana leaves biomass waste to porous activated carbon nanosheet for boosting supercapacitor performances. J Mater Res Technol. 2020;9:13332–40.10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.09.049 ↗
31. Manasa P, Lei ZJ, Ran F. Biomass waste derived low cost activated carbon from carchorus olitorius (Jute Fiber) as sustainable and novel electrode material. J Energy Storage. 2020;30:101494.10.1016/j.est.2020.101494 ↗
32. Wan H, Hu X. From biomass-derived wastes (bagasse, wheat straw and shavings) to activated carbon with three-dimensional connected architecture and porous structure for Li-ion batteries. Chem Phys. 2019;521:108–14.10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.01.012 ↗
33. Pal A, Uddin K, Thu K, Saha BB, Kil H-S, Yoon S-H, et al. Thermophysical and adsorption characteristics of waste biomass-derived activated carbons. Encyclopedia of Renewable and Sustainable Materials. 2020;4:617–28. 10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.10832-x;617-628.10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.10832-X ↗
34. Shokry H, Elkady M, Hamad H. Nano activated carbon from industrial mine coal as adsorbents for removal of dye from simulated textile wastewater: operational parameters and mechanism study. J Mater Res Technol. 2019;8:4477–88.10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.07.061 ↗
35. Saleh TA, Al-Saadi AA. Surface characterization and sorption efficacy of tire-obtained carbon: experimental and semiempirical study of rhodamine B adsorption. Surf Interface Anal. 2015;47:785–92.10.1002/sia.5775 ↗
36. Patel H, Mangukiya H, Maiti P, Maiti S. Empty cotton boll crop-residue and plastic waste valorization to bio-oil, potassic fertilizer and activated carbon – A bio-refinery model. J Clean Prod. 2021;290:125738.10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125738 ↗
37. Oladimeji TE, Odunoye BO, Elehinafe FB, Obanla OR, Odunlami OA. Production of activated carbon from sawdust and its efficiency in the treatment of sewage water. Heliyon. 2021;7:e05960.10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05960 ↗
38. Zhang D, Lin X, Zhang Q, Ren X, Yu W, Cai H. Catalytic pyrolysis of wood-plastic composite waste over activated carbon catalyst for aromatics production: Effect of preparation process of activated carbon. Energy. 2020;212:118983.10.1016/j.energy.2020.118983 ↗
39. Nagaraju G, Lim JH, Cha SM, Yu JS. Three-dimensional activated porous carbon with meso/macropore structures derived from fallen pine cone flowers: A low-cost counter electrode material in dye-sensitized solar cells. J Alloy Compd. 2017;693:1297–304.10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.10.015 ↗
40. Wang Z, Wu S, Wang J, Yu A, Wei G. Carbon nanofiber-based functional nanomaterials for sensor applications. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2019;9:1045.10.3390/nano9071045 ↗
41. Zhou X, Wang Y, Gong C, Liu B, Wei G. Production, structural design, functional control, and broad applications of carbon nanofiber-based nanomaterials: A comprehensive review. Chem Eng J. 2020;402:126189.10.1016/j.cej.2020.126189 ↗
42. Zhou X, Liu B, Chen Y, Guo L, Wei G. Carbon nanofiber-based three-dimensional nanomaterials for energy and environmental applications. Mater Adv. 2020;1:2163–81.10.1039/D0MA00492H ↗
43. Vallejos ME, Felissia FE, Area MC, Ehman NV, Tarres Q, Mutje P. Nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) from eucalyptus sawdust as a dry strength agent of unrefined eucalyptus handsheets. Carbohydr Polym. 2016;139:99–105.10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.004 ↗
44. Wang Z, Shen D, Wu C, Gu S. State-of-the-art on the production and application of carbon nanomaterials from biomass. Green Chem. 2018;20:5031–57.10.1039/C8GC01748D ↗
45. Lu H, Zhang L, Liu C, He Z, Zhou X, Ni Y. A novel method to prepare lignocellulose nanofibrils directly from bamboo chips. Cellulose. 2018;25:7043–51.10.1007/s10570-018-2067-x ↗
46. Omoriyekomwan JE, Tahmasebi A, Zhang J, Yu J. Formation of hollow carbon nanofibers on bio-char during microwave pyrolysis of palm kernel shell. Energy Convers Manage. 2017;148:583–92.10.1016/j.enconman.2017.06.022 ↗
47. Abitbol T, Rivkin A, Cao Y, Nevo Y, Abraham E, Ben-Shalom T, et al. Nanocellulose, a tiny fiber with huge applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2016;39:76–88.10.1016/j.copbio.2016.01.002 ↗
48. Farooq A, Patoary MK, Zhang M, Mussana H, Li M, Naeem MA, et al. Cellulose from sources to nanocellulose and an overview of synthesis and properties of nanocellulose/zinc oxide nanocomposite materials. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020;154:1050–73.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.163 ↗
49. Rambau KM, Musyoka NM, Manyala N, Ren J, Langmi HW, Mathe MK. Preparation of carbon nanofibers/tubes using waste tyres pyrolysis oil and coal fly ash derived catalyst. J Environ Sci Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances Environ Eng. 2018;53:1115–22.10.1080/10934529.2018.1474594 ↗
50. Hintsho N, Shaikjee1 A, Masenda1 H, Naidoo D, Billing D, Franklyn P, et al. Direct synthesis of carbon nanofibers from South African coal fly ash. Nanoscale Research Letters. 2014;9:387.10.1186/1556-276X-9-387 ↗
51. Park S-W, Kim J-C, Dar MA, Shim H-W, Kim D-W. Superior lithium storage in nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers with open-channels. Chem Eng J. 2017;315:1–9.10.1016/j.cej.2017.01.005 ↗
52. Wei T, Zhang Z, Zhu Z, Zhou X, Wang Y, Wang Y, et al. Recycling of waste plastics and scalable preparation of Si/CNF/C composite as anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Ionics. 2019;25:1523–9.10.1007/s11581-019-02892-y ↗
53. Li X, Tian X, Yang T, He Y, Liu W, Song Y, et al. Coal liquefaction residues based carbon nanofibers film prepared by electrospinning: an effective approach to coal waste management. ACS Sustain Chem & Eng. 2019;7:5742–50.10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b05210 ↗
54. Tan S, Kraus TJ, Li-Oakey KD. Understanding the supercapacitor properties of electrospun carbon nanofibers from Powder River Basin coal. Fuel. 2019;245:148–59.10.1016/j.fuel.2019.01.141 ↗
55. Oliveira AAS, Tristão JC, Ardisson JD, Dias A, Lago RM. Production of nanostructured magnetic composites based on Fe 0 nuclei coated with carbon nanofibers and nanotubes from red mud waste and ethanol. Appl Catal B Environ. 2011;105:163–70.10.1016/j.apcatb.2011.04.007 ↗
56. Guerreiro GG, Vieira de Andrade F, Roberto, de Freitas M. Carbon nanostructures based-adsorbent obtained from iron ore tailings. Ceram Int. 2020;46:29271–81.10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.08.101 ↗
57. Zhang C, Yuan B, Liang Y, Yang L, Bai L, Yang H, et al. Carbon nanofibers enhanced solar steam generation device based on loofah biomass for water purification. Mater Chem Phys. 2021;258:123998.10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123998 ↗
58. Cao M, Wang D, Lu J, Cheng W, Han G, Zhou J. Electrospun porous carbon nanofibers@SnOx nanocomposites for high-performance supercapacitors: Microstructures and electrochemical properties. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf. 2021;143:106278.10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106278 ↗
59. Janas D. From bio to nano: a review of sustainable methods of synthesis of carbon nanotubes. Sustainability. 2020;12:4115.10.3390/su12104115 ↗
60. Maryam M, Suriani AB, Shamsudin MS, Rusop Mahmood M. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes from palm oil precursor by aerosol-assisted catalytic CVD method. Appl Mech Mater. 2012;229–231:247–51.10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.229-231.247 ↗
61. Afre RA, Soga T, Jimbo T, Kumar M, Ando Y, Sharon M. Growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on silicon and quartz substrate by spray pyrolysis of a natural precursor: Turpentine oil. Chem Phys Lett. 2005;414:6–10.10.1016/j.cplett.2005.08.040 ↗
62. Afre RA, Soga T, Jimbo T, Kumar M, Ando Y, Sharon M, et al. Carbon nanotubes by spray pyrolysis of turpentine oil at different temperatures and their studies. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2006;96:184–90.10.1016/j.micromeso.2006.06.036 ↗
63. Salifairus MJ, Rusop M. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapour deposition of camphor oil over ferrocene and aluminum isopropoxide catalyst. Adv Mater Res. 2013;667:213–7.10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.667.213 ↗
64. Awasthi K, Kumar R, Raghubanshi H, Awasthi S, Pandey R, Singh D, et al. Synthesis of nano-carbon (nanotubes, nanofibres, graphene) materials. Indian Acad Sci. 2011;34:607.10.1007/s12034-011-0170-9 ↗
65. Raziah AZ, Junizah AR, Saifuddin N. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes using natural carbon precursor: Castor oil. AIP Conf Proc. 2012;1482:564. 10.1063/1.4757535;564-567.10.1063/1.4757535 ↗
66. Zhang Y, Lu L, Zhang S, Lv Z, Yang D, Liu J, et al. Biomass chitosan derived cobalt/nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes for the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction. J Mater Chem A. 2018;6:5740–5.10.1039/C7TA11258K ↗
67. Hildago-Oporto P, Navia R, Hunter R, Coronado G, Gonzalez ME. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes using biochar as precursor material under microwave irradiation. J Environ Manag. 2019;244:83–91.10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.082 ↗
68. Araga R, Sharma CS. One step direct synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes from coconut shell derived charcoal. Mater Lett. 2017;188:205–7.10.1016/j.matlet.2016.11.014 ↗
69. He S, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Bell S, Wu C. Waste plastics recycling for producing high-value carbon nanotubes: Investigation of the influence of Manganese content in Fe-based catalysts. J Hazard Mater. 2021;402:123726.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123726 ↗
70. Dlova S, Olaitan Ayeleru O, Victoria Adams F, Mamo MA, Apata, Olubambi P. Development of multi-walled carbon nanotubes obtained from recycled plastics by single stage pyrolysis process. Mater Today Proc. 2021;38:1170–3.10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.460 ↗
71. Jia J, Veksha A, Lim TT, Lisak G. Weakening the strong Fe-La interaction in A-site-deficient perovskite via Ni substitution to promote the thermocatalytic synthesis of carbon nanotubes from plastics. J Hazard Mater. 2021;403:123642.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123642 ↗
72. Liu X, He S, Han Z, Wu C. Investigation of spherical alumina supported catalyst for carbon nanotubes production from waste polyethylene. Process Saf Environ Prot. 2021;146:201–7.10.1016/j.psep.2020.08.027 ↗
73. Yang R-X, Wu S-L, Chuang K-H, Wey M-Y. Co-production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from waste plastic gasification in a two-stage fluidized catalytic bed. Renew Energy. 2020;159:10–22.10.1016/j.renene.2020.05.141 ↗
74. Moo JGS, Veksha A, Oh W-D, Giannis A, Udayanga WDC, Lin S-X, et al. Plastic derived carbon nanotubes for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction: Effects of plastic feedstock and synthesis temperature. Electrochem Commun. 2019;101:11–8.10.1016/j.elecom.2019.02.014 ↗
75. Li W, Wei M, Liu Y, Ye Y, Li S, Yuan W, et al. Catalysts evaluation for production of hydrogen gas and carbon nanotubes from the pyrolysis-catalysis of waste tyres. Int J Hydrog Energy. 2019;44:19563–72.10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.05.204 ↗
76. Essawy H, Fathy N, Tawfik M, El-Sabbagh S, Ismail N, Youssef H. Fabrication of single-walled carbon nanotubes from vulcanized scrap rubber via thermal chemical vapor deposition. RSC Adv. 2017;7:12938–44.10.1039/C7RA00349H ↗
77. Essawy HA, Fathy NA. Enhancing the pyrolysis of scrap rubber for carbon nanotubes/graphene production via chemical vapor deposition. J Macromol Sci Part A. 2018;55:347–54.10.1080/10601325.2018.1434416 ↗
78. Zhang Z, Xi F, Li S, Wan X, Ma W, Chen X, et al. High-performance Si/nano-Cu/CNTs/C anode derived from photovoltaic silicon waste: A potential photovoltaic-energy storage strategy. Mat Today Energy. 2021;20:100671.10.1016/j.mtener.2021.100671 ↗
79. Singh R, Volli V, Lohani L, Purkait MK. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes from industrial wastes following alkali activation and film casting method. Waste Biomass Valoriz. 2019;11:4957–66.10.1007/s12649-019-00827-2 ↗
80. Abdullah HB, Irmawati R, Ismail I, Yusof NA. Utilization of waste engine oil for carbon nanotube aerogel production using floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition. J Clean Prod. 2020;261:121188.10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121188 ↗
81. Wu C, Nahil MA, Miskolczi N, Huang J, Williams PT. Production and application of carbon nanotubes, as a co-product of hydrogen from the pyrolysis-catalytic reforming of waste plastic. Process Saf Environ Prot. 2016;103:107–14.10.1016/j.psep.2016.07.001 ↗
82. Hidalgo P, Navia R, Hunter R, Coronado G, Gonzalez M. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes using biochar as precursor material under microwave irradiation. J Environ Manag. 2019;244:83–91.10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.082 ↗
83. Al-Rahbi AS, Onwudili JA, Williams PT. Thermal decomposition and gasification of biomass pyrolysis gases using a hot bed of waste derived pyrolysis char. Bioresour Technol. 2016;204:71–9.10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.016 ↗
84. Zhang B, Piao G, Zhang J, Bu C, Xie H, Wu B, et al. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes from conventional biomass-based gasification gas. Fuel Process Technol. 2018;180:105–13.10.1016/j.fuproc.2018.08.016 ↗
85. Abd Elhafez S, Hamad H, Zaatout A, Malash G. Management of agricultural waste for removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution: adsorption behaviors, adsorption mechanisms, environmental protection, and techno-economic analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2017;24:1397–1415.10.1007/s11356-016-7891-7 ↗
86. Sankar S, Lee H, Jung H, Kim A, Ahmed ATA, Inamdar AI, et al. Ultrathin graphene nanosheets derived from rice husks for sustainable supercapacitor electrodes. N J Chem. 2017;41:13792–97.10.1039/C7NJ03136J ↗
87. Wang H, Xu Z, Kohandehghan A, Li Z, Cui K, Tan X, et al. Interconnected carbon nanosheets derived from hemp for ultrafast supercapacitors with high energy. ACS Nano. 2013;7:5131–41.10.1021/nn400731g ↗
88. Mohamed MA, Carrasco‐Marín F, Elessawy NA, Hamad HA. Glucose‐derived n‐doped graphitic carbon: facile one‐pot graphitic structure‐controlled chemical synthesis with comprehensive insight into the controlling mechanisms. ChemistrySelect. 2020;5:14685–702.10.1002/slct.202003014 ↗
89. Somanathan T, Prasad K, Ostrikov KK, Saravanan A, Krishna VM. Graphene oxide synthesis from agro waste. Nanomaterials. 2015;5:826–34.10.3390/nano5020826 ↗
90. Hao P, Zhao Z, Tian J, Li H, Sang Y, Yu G, et al. Hierarchical porous carbon aerogel derived from bagasse for high performance supercapacitor electrode. Nanoscale. 2014;6:12120–9.10.1039/C4NR03574G ↗
91. Banu JR, Sharmila VG, Ushani U, Amudha V, Kumar G. Impervious and influence in the liquid fuel production from municipal plastic waste through thermo-chemical biomass conversion technologies-A review. Sci Total Env. 2020;718:137287.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137287 ↗
92. Pandey S, Karakoti M, Surana K, Dhapola PS, SanthiBhushan B, Ganguly S, et al. Graphene nanosheets derived from plastic waste for the application of DSSCs and supercapacitors. Sci Rep. 2021;11:1–17.10.1038/s41598-021-83483-8 ↗
93. Marek AA, Zawadiak J, Piotrowski T, Hefczyc B. A new efficient method for the processing of post-consumer polypropylene and other polyolefin wastes into polar waxes. Waste Manag. 2015;46:62–7.10.1016/j.wasman.2015.08.042 ↗
94. Gu J, Pang A, Guo X, Li L, Huang D, Li F. Green preparation of high-quality and low-cost graphene from discarded polyethylene plastic bags. Chem Commun. 2021;57:129–32.10.1039/D0CC06999J ↗
95. Ferronato N, Torretta V. Waste mismanagement in developing countries: a review of global issues. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16:1060.10.3390/ijerph16061060 ↗
96. El Essawy NA, Ali SM, Farag HA, Konsowa AH, Elnouby M, Hamad HA. Green synthesis of graphene from recycled PET bottle wastes for use in the adsorption of dyes in aqueous solution. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2017;145:57–68.10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.014 ↗
97. Ahmadi S, Afzalzadeh R. Few-layer graphene growth from polystyrene as solid carbon source utilizing simple APCVD method. Phys E. 2016;81:302–7.10.1016/j.physe.2016.01.028 ↗
98. Akhavan O, Bijanzad K, Mirsepah A. Synthesis of graphene from natural and industrial carbonaceous wastes. RSC Adv. 2014;4:20441–8.10.1039/c4ra01550a ↗
99. Siaw W, Tsuji T, Manaf NA, Patah MA, Jan BM. Synthesis of graphene oxide from industrial waste. Proceedings of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. p. 01205010.1088/1757-899X/778/1/012050 ↗
100. Kang S, Kim KM, Son Y, Mhin S, Ryu JH, Shim KB, et al. Graphene oxide quantum dots derived from coal for bioimaging: facile and green approach. Sci Rep. 2019;9:1–7.10.1038/s41598-018-37479-6 ↗