journal article·2026-05-22Open access

Effect of indium doping on structure and thermoelectric properties of bismuth telluride

Shouling Wang, Mengli Wang, Yan Zhou, Shun Wan, Jie Chang, Changbao Zhao, Fei Gao

Nanotechnology· Volume 37· Issue 20

Abstract

Abstract Owing to their high near-room-temperature conversion efficiency, bismuth telluride (Bi 2 Te 3 ) and its alloys are prominent thermoelectric (TE) materials. Indium (In) is an uncommon dopant in TE materials, yet the TE properties of hydrothermally synthesized In-doped Bi 2 Te 3 have not been reported. Herein, we report the synthesis of In-doped Bi 2− x In x Te 3 ( x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) by a hydrothermal method combined with hot press sintering. The incorporation of In enhanced the Seebeck coefficient and suppressed thermal conductivity, primarily due to the reduced carrier concentrations and intensified phonon scattering. Consequently, a maximum zT value of 0.21 was obtained at 350 K for Bi 1.9 In 0.1 Te 3 sample, approximately 162.5% improvement over the undoped counterpart, demonstrating the effectiveness of In doping in improving the TE properties of Bi 2 Te 3 .
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices · Topological Materials and Phenomena · Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Anhui Engineering Research Center of Highly Reactive Micro-Nano Powders, Chizhou University

Weifang Vocational College

Phonon Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of NSLSCS, Institute of Physics Frontiers and Interdisciplinary Sciences, School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University

Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research

Chizhou Tinci High-Tech Materials Co.,Ltd

Funding

Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Provincial Department of Education · Anhui Provincial Quality Engineering Project · Chizhou University Scientific Research Startup Fund for High-Level Talents · Anhui Provincial Materials Processing Experiment and Training Center Project

References (35)

Show source-provided references
1. Scalable synthesis and enhanced thermoelectric properties of Cu-doped and Se-substituted Bi2Te3-based materials via high-pressure sintering10.1016/j.mtcomm.2025.111830 ↗
2. Unusual thermoelectric properties of bafe2as2 in high magnetic fields10.1103/PhysRevB.98.155116 ↗
3. Topological insulator nanoribbons—a new paradigm for high thermoelectric performance10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104092 ↗
4. Revealing the electronic, optical, phonon and thermoelectrical characteristics of bulk and monolayered RbLiS and RbLiSe compounds by DFT10.1016/j.jpcs.2022.110972 ↗
5. Advances in bismuth-telluride-based thermoelectric devices: progress and challenges10.1016/j.esci.2023.100122 ↗
6. n-type thermoelectric performance in Co-doped Bi2Te3 polycrystalline alloys10.1016/j.mssp.2023.107694 ↗
7. Development of nanostructured Bi2Te3 with high thermoelectric performance by scalable synthesis and microstructure manipulations10.1021/acsami.2c21561 ↗
8. Tailoring thermoelectric properties through structure and morphology in chemically synthesized n-type bismuth telluride nanostructures10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00336 ↗
9. High Yield Bi2Te3 single crystal nanosheets with uniform morphology via a solvothermal synthesis10.1021/cg3013156 ↗
10. Comparison of thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3 and Bi2Se0.3Te2.7 thin film materials synthesized by hydrothermal process and thermal evaporation10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.12.285 ↗
11. A comprehensive review on the effects of doping process on the thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3 based alloys10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.163918 ↗
12. Improved thermoelectric performance of silver nanoparticles-dispersed Bi2Te3 composites deriving from hierarchical two-phased heterostructure10.1002/adfm.201402663 ↗
13. Solvothermally silver doping boosting the thermoelectric performance of polycrystalline Bi2Te310.1016/j.cej.2023.146428 ↗
14. Enhancement in figure of merit in N-type Bi(R)-Te thermoelectric nanomaterials10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.01.154 ↗
15. Influence of gallium doping on structural and thermoelectric properties of bismuth telluride10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.126141 ↗
16. The influence of Dy concentration on the thermoelectric properties of n-type Dy-doped Bi2Te3 pellets prepared by hydrothermal and carbon burial sintering10.1016/j.jpcs.2021.110241 ↗
17. Enhancement of thermoelectric efficiency in Bi2Te3 via rare earth element doping10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.11.031 ↗
18. Improved thermoelectric performance of Se-doped n-type nanostructured Bi2Te310.1007/s10854-023-10490-y ↗
19. Preparation and characterization of nonstoichiometric Te-deficient and Te-rich thermoelectric Bi2-xGdxTe3±y compounds10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.163516 ↗
20. High-performance p-type bi2te3-based thermoelectric materials with a wide temperature range obtained by direct Sb doping10.1007/s40195-024-01794-x ↗
21. Enhancement of thermoelectric figure of merit in β-Zn4Sb3 by indium doping control10.1063/1.4931361 ↗
22. Effect of doping indium into a Bi2Te3 matrix on the microstructure and thermoelectric transport properties10.1039/C6RA09767G ↗
23. Influence of indium and selenium co-doping on structural and thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3 alloys10.1007/s10854-023-10547-y ↗
24. Transport properties of indium-alloyed and indium telluride nanostructured bismuth telluride10.1039/D4CP01296H ↗
25. Giant improvement of thermoelectric power factor of Bi2Te3 under pressure10.1063/1.2973201 ↗
26. Quantitative measurement of displacement and strain fields from HREM micrographs10.1016/S0304-3991(98)00035-7 ↗
27. An anomalously high Seebeck coefficient and power factor in ultrathin bi2te3 film: spin–orbit interaction10.1016/S0167-2738(01)00785-8 ↗
28. XPS study of fresh and oxidized GeTe and (Ge,Sn)Te surface10.1016/S0167-2738(01)00785-8 ↗
29. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of indium and indium‐containing compounds10.1002/sia.7356 ↗
30. Effect of Fe on Bi2Te3: structure, magnetic properties, and XPS valence band10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.163297 ↗
31. Doping induced enhanced density of states in bismuth telluride10.1063/1.4989602 ↗
32. Extremely low lattice thermal conductivity and point defect scattering of phonons in Ag-doped (SnSe)1−x(SnS)x10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b01612 ↗
33. Evolution of thermoelectric properties and anisotropic features of Bi2Te3 prepared by high pressure and high temperature10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.01.271 ↗
34. Effect of CuI on the thermoelectric properties of recycled n-type Bi2(Te, Se)3 scraps10.1016/j.vacuum.2021.110226 ↗
35. A low-cost and eco-friendly Br-doped Cu7Sn3S10 thermoelectric compound with zT around unity10.1039/D0TA12042A ↗