Nanofluids: Current Applications and Future Challenges

The two-step method is more popular for the synthesis of nanofluids as compared to the one-step approach due to lower processing cost, easy handling, and easy availability of nanoparticles from the industry. The major challenge in the field of nanofluids is their stability. It has been anticipated that the new-generation computer chips will produce 10 MW/m localized heat flux with a total power exceeding 300 W. It has been observed that the nanofluids-based oscillating heat pipe cooling system with thin-film evaporation can remove heat flux up to 10 MW/m. Nanofluids can remove the extra heat from the nuclear reactor and can work at very high temperatures with great stability for a long time as compared to other fluids. Nanofluids are a novel class of fluids that have very exciting application in the fields of energy conservation, heat transfer, biomedicine, catalysts, compact and more efficient electronic devices, etc.