Review of Three-Dimensional Graphene and Related Composite Materials for Microwave Absorption

With the development of modern society and technology, increased levels of electromagnetic pollution have created a greater demand for advanced electromagnetic wave absorption materials for use in both civilian and military applications. Three-dimensional graphene (3DG) has excellent potential for use in the field of microwave absorption (MA) due to its unique porous network structure, low density, and large specific surface area. However, the dielectric loss performance will lead to poor impedance matching performance, making it unsuitable for use as a single absorber. To overcome this shortcoming, 3DG-based composites have been developed by combining 3DG with other absorbing materials to create structures with improved impedance matching performance and absorption efficiency. Compared to other review articles, this Review comprehensively summarizes the preparation methods of 3DG and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various methods. Subsequently, based on the types of composite materials, the research progress of 3DG-based composite absorptive materials is discussed. Finally, the obstacles to the widespread application of composite absorptive materials based on 3DG are summarized along with future research directions. Finally, the barriers to the widespread use of 3DG-based composite absorbing materials and future research directions are summarized.