Review of the Applications of Micro/Nanorobots in Biomedicine

The advancement of precision medicine in modern biomedicine has been significantly propelled by the emergence of micro/nanorobots. The combination of micro/nanorobots and biomedicine offers unique advantages and holds attractive potential for applications. It effectively addresses the challenges encountered by traditional robots in areas such as driving, sensing, intelligence and other aspects, especially in the application of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, which is a hot field of interdisciplinary research in recent years. This review succinctly delineates and analyzes the recent advancements of micro/nanorobots. First, the research achievements of micro/nanorobots in recent years are systematically classified and introduced from four perspectives: manufacturing design, drive control, biomedical application and degradation. In particular, in-depth discussions were conducted regarding the challenges and potential solutions encountered in each stage. Second, based on the latest research results of micro/nanorobots in biomedical applications, the development direction of industrial applications and key technical aspects that need to be paid attention to are emphasized. Finally, we discuss the challenges and the potential research opportunities of the micro/nanorobots. In the future, it is expected that micro/nanorobots will become more sophisticated and capable of performing multiple medical functions and tasks. They will be implemented in vivo to assist medical doctors in diagnosing and treating diseases. This advancement shows significant potential for the field of medicine.