MoS₂ Sphere/2D S-Ti₃C₂ MXene Nanocatalysts on Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes for Hazardous Aristolochic Acid and Roxarsone Electrochemical Detection

As nanomaterials have a high surface-to-volume ratio, they have very specific features and therefore can be employed in a variety of applications. The development of electrochemical sensors based on novel nanocatalysts for detecting hazardous compounds is a primary concern. In the present work, we have proposed a novel synthesis protocol for a MoS2 sphere-combined sulfur-doped Ti3C2 MXene nanocatalyst (MoS2/S-Ti3C2) and evaluated its electrochemical sensing performance. The structural characterization of this novel nanocatalyst revealed that it was successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal process. In addition, the electrochemical activity of different quantities of the MoS2/S-Ti3C2 nanocatalyst loaded onto a laser-induced graphene electrode (LGE) was investigated, and it was discovered that 8 μL of MoS2/S-Ti3C2 has the highest electrochemical activity. The as-fabricated MoS2/S-Ti3C2/LGE was used as a novel electrochemical sensing medium for the hazardous aristolochic acid (AA) and roxarsone (ROX) detection. Interestingly, the proposed MoS2/S-Ti3C2/LGE sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 69.955 and 32.488 μA μM–1 cm–2 for AA and 56.972 and 19.688 μA μM–1 cm–2 for ROX with a detection limit of 1.65 and 2.31 nM, respectively, in the concentration range of 0.01–875.01 μM. In addition, the influence of few selected potential interferences does not show a significant effect on the sensing of AA and ROX, making it the best sensing device for practicability analysis. Moreover, the practical application of the fabricated sensor was successfully evaluated in asarum sieboldii, human urine, and human blood serum samples with a recovery rate of 97.00–99.00%.