Proton conductivity of fullerene derivatives and their composites

Fullerene derivatives such as polyhydroxyfullerene C60(OH)n (n~12) show proton conductivity. This review introduces the properties of proton conducting fullerenes and their composite membranes with Nafion. These proton conductors have advantages under low humidity conditions. Their applications for the proton conducting membrane of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) and mass-flow controller are also discussed.