journal article·2026Open access

High-temperature oxygen-assisted molecular beam epitaxy of BaWO 4 on W(110): growth mechanism and structural characterization

Clara Gutiérrez-Cuesta, Víctor Rojo, José Emilio Prieto, Anna Mandziak, Pawel Nita, Adolfo del Campo, Natalia Kwiatek-Maroszek, Iulia Cojocariu, Marcin Szpytma, Giovanni Fevola, Arantzazu Mascaraque, José F. Marco, Tevfik Onur Menteş, Andrea Locatelli, Adrián Quesada, Juan de la Figuera

Nanoscale· Volume 18· Issue 3

Abstract

We have studied the growth of barium tungstate, BaWO4, by high-temperature oxygen-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on W(110). Barium tungstate grows in the form of isosceles triangular-shaped islands, tens of micrometers wide and tens of nanometers in height. The growth was monitored in real time by low-energy electron microscopy and characterized in situ by low-energy electron diffraction, X-ray absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. Further ex situ characterization was performed by optical and atomic force microscopies and Raman spectroscopy. Barium tungstate growth on W(110) was performed by dosing only barium in a molecular oxygen atmosphere due to incorporation of W atoms from the W(110) substrate. The islands correspond to the BaWO4 (011) crystallographic orientation and their sides are aligned along the [001] and [11̄1] directions of the BaWO4 crystal.
Source: europepmc · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Electronic and Structural Properties of Oxides · Semiconductor materials and devices · Metal and Thin Film Mechanics

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Instituto de Química Física Blas Cabrera, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain

Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Kraków 30-392, Poland

Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland

Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, CSIC, Madrid E-28049, Spain

Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 – km 163, 5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy

Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, 34127, Trieste, Italy

Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Kraków, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland

Center for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany

Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Unidad Asociada UCM-CSIC(IQF) “Surface Science and Magnetism of Low Dimensional Systems”, Madrid 28040, Spain

Funding

Comunidad de Madrid · European Commission · UK Research and Innovation · Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation · Agencia Estatal de Investigación

References (46)

Show source-provided references
1. Cavalcante · Cryst. Growth Des. · 2009 · 9 · 100210.1021/cg800817x ↗
2. Wang · Adv. Powder Technol. · 2021 · 32 · 418610.1016/j.apt.2021.09.028 ↗
3. Barzgari · Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. · 2015 · 33 · 3610.1016/j.mssp.2015.01.028 ↗
4. Yanalak · J. Phys. Chem. Solids · 2022 · 168 · 11082110.1016/j.jpcs.2022.110821 ↗
5. Shi · Opt. Mater. · 2018 · 84 · 39610.1016/j.optmat.2018.07.038 ↗
6. Hemmati · Ceram. Int. · 2022 · 48 · 2650810.1016/j.ceramint.2022.05.347 ↗
7. E.Lassner and W.-D.Schubert , in Tungsten: properties, chemistry, technology of the element, alloys, and chemical compounds , Springer US , Boston, MA , 199910.1007/978-1-4615-4907-9 ↗
8. Patnaik · Radiat. Phys. Chem. · 2024 · 223 · 11195710.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.111957 ↗
9. Oliveira · Ceram. Int. · 2016 · 42 · 1091310.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.225 ↗
10. Sridhar · Curr. Appl. Phys. · 2024 · 58 · 7910.1016/j.cap.2023.11.009 ↗
11. Patil · Colloids Surf., A · 2025 · 723 · 13735210.1016/j.colsurfa.2025.137352 ↗
12. Alencar · Ceram. Int. · 2017 · 43 · 446210.1016/j.ceramint.2016.12.096 ↗
13. Caracciolo · Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A · 2018 · 901 · 15010.1016/j.nima.2018.06.005 ↗
14. Radican · Surf. Sci. · 2010 · 604 · 154810.1016/j.susc.2010.05.016 ↗
15. Wilgocka-ŚlÈ©zak · Appl. Surf. Sci. · 2020 · 528 · 14671210.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146712 ↗
16. Freund · J. Am. Chem. Soc. · 2016 · 138 · 898510.1021/jacs.6b05565 ↗
17. Flege · Prog. Surf. Sci. · 2018 · 93 · 2110.1016/j.progsurf.2018.02.001 ↗
18. Monti · Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. · 2012 · 85 · 02040410.1103/PhysRevB.85.020404 ↗
19. Martín-García · Adv. Mater. · 2015 · 27 · 595510.1002/adma.201502799 ↗
20. Mandziak · Sci. Rep. · 2018 · 8 · 1798010.1038/s41598-018-36356-6 ↗
21. Mandziak · Sci. Rep. · 2019 · 9 · 1358410.1038/s41598-019-49642-8 ↗
22. Ruiz-Gomez · Nanoscale · 2018 · 10 · 556610.1039/C7NR07143D ↗
23. Ruiz-Gómez · Appl. Surf. Sci. · 2022 · 600 · 15404510.1016/j.apsusc.2022.154045 ↗
24. Mandziak · Ultramicroscopy · 2023 · 253 · 11379510.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113795 ↗
25. Fornal · J. Mater. Chem. C · 2025 · 13 · 2060210.1039/D5TC02639C ↗
26. Locatelli · Surf. Interface Anal. · 2006 · 38 · 155410.1002/sia.2424 ↗
27. Gorodetsky · Surf. Sci. · 1977 · 62 · 64710.1016/0039-6028(77)90107-8 ↗
28. Santos · J. Phys.:Condens. Matter · 2009 · 21 · 314011
29. Weiss · Prog. Surf. Sci. · 2002 · 70 · 110.1016/S0079-6816(01)00056-9 ↗
30. Powell · Surf. Interface Anal. · 2002 · 33 · 21110.1002/sia.1204 ↗
31. Ynzunza · Surf. Sci. · 2000 · 459 · 6910.1016/S0039-6028(00)00450-7 ↗
32. Langmuir · J. Am. Chem. Soc. · 1913 · 35 · 10510.1021/ja02191a001 ↗
33. Batty · J. Chem. Phys. · 1969 · 51 · 447510.1063/1.1671814 ↗
34. Lee · Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A · 1971 · 323 · 52310.1098/rspa.1971.0121 ↗
35. Kalff · Phys. Rev. Lett. · 1998 · 81 · 125510.1103/PhysRevLett.81.1255 ↗
36. Horch · Nature · 1999 · 398 · 13410.1038/18185 ↗
37. Feibelman · Phys. Rev. Lett. · 2000 · 85 · 60610.1103/PhysRevLett.85.606 ↗
38. Ling · Phys. Rev. Lett. · 2004 · 93 · 16610110.1103/PhysRevLett.93.166101 ↗
39. Wlodarczyk · ACS Omega · 2022 · 7 · 1838210.1021/acsomega.2c00669 ↗
40. Frati · Chem. Rev. · 2020 · 120 · 405610.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00439 ↗
41. de Groot · Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. · 1989 · 40 · 571510.1103/PhysRevB.40.5715 ↗
42. C.BallHausen , Introduction to Ligand Field Theory , McGraw-Hill , New York , 1962
43. Minasian · J. Am. Chem. Soc. · 2013 · 135 · 186410.1021/ja310223b ↗
44. Basiev · Opt. Mater. · 1999 · 11 · 30710.1016/S0925-3467(98)00030-5 ↗
45. Carvalho · J. Mol. Struct. · 2020 · 1204 · 12749810.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127498 ↗
46. Momma · J. Appl. Crystallogr. · 2011 · 44 · 127210.1107/S0021889811038970 ↗