Synthesis, characterization, genotoxicity assessment and antibacterial applications of Zanthoxylum armatum silver nanoparticles (ZASNPs) with antibiotic efficacy enhancement potential

This study aimed to develop alternative antibacterial treatments by combining traditional herbal knowledge with modern nanotechnology. This approach targets multiple bacterial strains, combats antibiotic resistance, and offers solutions for treating infections alone or with antibiotics. Phyto-nano synthesis, using plants like Zanthoxylum armatum DC., is highlighted for its safer and stable nanoparticle production. This study successfully synthesized spherical silver nanoparticles (∼6.2 ± 5.1 nm) from Z. armatum, which showed no genotoxicity but effective bactericidal activity against various bacteria. Additionally, these nanoparticles enhanced the antimicrobial effects of several antibiotics, suggesting their potential for more effective treatments with lower doses and reduced side effects.