Single and polycrystalline CeO ₂ nanorods as oxygen-electrode materials for lithium–oxygen batteries

Single and polycrystalline CeO₂ nanorods (NRs) were prepared for application as oxygen-electrode electrocatalysts for lithium-oxygen batteries. The CeO₂ NRs were prepared via a time-controlled hydrothermal process. At a high current rate of 1000 mA g^-1, the single crystalline CeO₂ NRs exhibited a higher reversibility and a lower voltage gap than polycrystalline CeO₂ NRs. We compared the oxygen reduction and evolution kinetics of single and polycrystalline CeO₂ NRs using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.