Thermodynamic assessment of the Cu-Ni-Pb system

A thermodynamic assessment of the binary systems Ni-Pb, Cu-Pb and the ternary system Cu-Ni-Pb was carried out by the CALPHAD method. The Gibbs free energies of both the liquid and solid solution phases were described by subregular solution models. A set of parameters describing the Gibbs energies of the different phases in this ternary system was optimized using experimental phase diagram and thermodynamic information. Good agreement between the calculated phase diagrams and experimental data was obtained in the binary Ni-Pb, Cu-Pb and ternary Cu-Ni-Pb systems.