Multi-modal Analytical Insights Into Li-Ion Battery Ageing with XFC

Microstructural changes with ageing in Li-ion batteries are both poorly understood and a major cause for loss of battery performance. In a large-scale application such as an electric vehicle (EV), these aging modes can lead to costly repairs and poor reliability. Furthermore, extreme fast charging (XFC) is a desirable feature for applications such as EVs, but XFC conditions generally lead to accelerated cell ageing [1-3]. To enable XFC for batteries in EVs and other critical applications, the ageing mechanisms associated with it must be better understood.