journal article·2025-02-17Open access

Three-dimensional Stacking of Phase Plates for Advanced Electron Beam Shaping

Gianluca Ruffato, Marco Beleggia, Amir Hossein Tavabi, Enzo Rotunno, Lorenzo Viani, Paolo Rosi, Payam Habibzadeh Kavkani, Caterina Chiari, Stefano Frabboni, Gian Carlo Gazzadi, Giulio Pozzi, Giovanni Bertoni, Peter Tiemeijer, Rafal Edward Dunin-Borkowski, Vincenzo Grillo

Microscopy and Microanalysis· Volume 31· Issue 1

Abstract

Abstract Tuneable phase plates for free electrons are a highly active area of research. However, their widespread implementation, similar to that of spatial light modulators in light optics, has been hindered by both conceptual and technical challenges. A specific technical challenge involves the need to minimize obstruction of the electron beam by supporting films and electrodes. Here, we describe numerical and analytical mathematical frameworks for three-dimensional stacks of phase plates that can be used to provide near-arbitrary electron beam shaping with minimal obstruction.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Optical Coatings and Gratings · Near-Field Optical Microscopy · Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Physics and Astronomy ‘G. Galilei’, University of Padova , via Marzolo 8, Padova 35131 ,

Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova , via Gradenigo 6, Padova 35131 ,

Dipartimento FIM, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia , via G. Campi 213/A, Modena 41125 ,

Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons , Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425 ,

Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , via G. Campi 213/A, Modena 41125 ,

Thermo Fisher Scientific , PO Box 80066, Eindhoven 5600 KA ,

Funding

European Union · NRRP funded by the European Union—NextGeneration EU—PRIN 2022 · NRRP · Italian Ministry of University and Research

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