Influence of the C Content on the Fatigue Crack Initiation and Short Crack Behavior of Cu Alloyed Steels
Source abstract
Abstract
The mechanical properties of Cu alloyed steels are influenced significantly by the Cu content and the respective state of Cu precipitations as well as the C content. In this context, the effect of an increased C content on the fatigue crack initiation and growth of differently aged Cu alloyed steels with 0.005 (X0.5CuNi2-2: X0.5) and 0.21 wt.-% C (X21CuNi2-2: X21) was investigated in this study. Notched specimens were examined via SEM in interrupted fatigue tests to detect the location of crack initiation and growth. The results showed that fatigue crack initiation and growth occurred for both steels at grain boundaries, and within ferrite grains. However, a higher C content increased the incidence of crack initiation and growth at grain boundaries. This is caused by the smaller grains of X21 and especially by the presence of cementite on the grain boundaries. This explains why, in contrast to X0.5, no influence of the Cu precipitation state on the defect-based failure was observed for X21, as the precipitates are located within the ferrite grains and, thus, only have a minor impact on the fatigue failure mechanisms of X21.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Fatigue and fracture mechanics · Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels · Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
Funding
German Research Foundation (DFG)
References (33)
Show source-provided references
1. Roles of microstructure in fatigue crack initiation10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.10.005 ↗
2. Krupp, U. (2007). Fatigue Crack Propagation in Metals and Alloys: Microstructural Aspects and Modelling Concepts, Wiley-VCH.10.1002/9783527610686 ↗
3. Small cracks: Nucleation, growth and implication to fatigue life10.1016/S0142-1123(03)00133-6 ↗
4. Basic issues in the mechanics of high cycle metal fatigue10.1007/BF00012666 ↗
5. Influence of small defects and nonmetallic inclusions on the high and very high cycle fatigue strength of an ultrahigh-strength steel10.1111/ffe.13534 ↗
6. Evolution of Slip Morphology and Fatigue Crack Initiation in Surface Grains of Ni20010.1007/s11661-009-9980-4 ↗
7. Microstructure and cyclic deformation behaviour of plain carbon and low-alloyed steels10.1016/0142-1123(90)90092-S ↗
8. Pilo Gonzalez, D. (1979). Zum Wechselverformungsverhalten Normalisierter Unlegierter Stähle Mit Kohlenstoffgehalten von 0,01 Bis 1,02 Gew. %, Universität Karlsruhe.
9. Short Crack Fatigue Behaviour in a Medium Carbon Steel10.1111/j.1460-2695.1984.tb00408.x ↗
10. The Growth of Microstructurally Small Fatigue Cracks in a Ferritic-Pearlitic Steel10.1111/j.1460-2695.1988.tb01387.x ↗
11. Miller, K.J., and de los Rios, E.R. (1992). Short Fatigue Cracks, Mechanical Engineering Publications Limited.
12. Effect of the state of carbon on ductility in Fe-0.017mass%C ferritic steel10.1016/j.msea.2017.06.070 ↗
13. Elucidation of the effects of cementite morphology on damage formation during monotonic and cyclic tension in binary low carbon steels using in situ characterization10.1016/j.msea.2016.05.029 ↗
14. Surface and grain boundary segregation on and in lron and steels10.2355/isijinternational.29.529 ↗
15. A critical of carbide cracking mechanisms in ferride/carbide aggregates10.1016/0001-6160(70)90103-3 ↗
16. Effects of cementite morphology on short-fatigue-crack propagation in binary Fe–C steel10.1080/09500839.2015.1076174 ↗
17. Phase transformation of Cu precipitates from bcc to fcc in Fe–3Si–2Cu alloy10.1016/j.actamat.2012.09.068 ↗
18. Direct observations on the crystal structure evolution of nano Cu-precipitates in an extremely low carbon steel10.1016/j.matlet.2016.10.077 ↗
19. Nanoscale Cu particle evolution and its impact on the mechanical properties and strengthening mechanism in precipitation-hardening stainless steel10.1016/j.matchar.2022.111885 ↗
20. Precipitation Kinetics and Strengthening of a Fe-0.8 wt%Cu Alloy10.2355/isijinternational.41.196 ↗
21. Influence of different precipitation states of Cu on the quasi-static and cyclic deformation behavior of Cu alloyed steels with different carbon contents10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.105587 ↗
22. Mechanical properties and nanoparticles precipitation behavior of multi-component ultra high strength steel10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108637 ↗
23. Sun, M., Xu, Y., and Xu, T. (2020). Cu Precipitation Behaviors and Microscopic Mechanical Characteristics of a Novel Ultra-Low Carbon Steel. Materials, 13.10.3390/ma13163571 ↗
24. Fatigue of an Fe-1.5% Cu alloy containing stable, non-coherent precipitate particles10.1080/14786437008238493 ↗
25. Fatigue behavior of a precipitation hardening Ni–Al–Cu medium carbon steel
26. Cyclic stress response and fatigue behavior of Cu added ferritic steels10.1023/A:1012939601936 ↗
27. Characterization of the precipitation behavior and resulting mechanical properties of copper-alloyed ferritic steel10.1016/j.msea.2019.138807 ↗
28. Nano-sized Cu precipitation and microstructural evolution in aged ultralow and medium carbon steels10.1016/j.mtla.2022.101626 ↗
29. Influence of Cu precipitates and C content on the defect tolerance of steels10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.106042 ↗
30. Görzen, D., Ostermayer, P., Lehner, P., Blinn, B., Eifler, D., and Beck, T. (2022). A New Approach to Estimate the Fatigue Limit of Steels Based on Conventional and Cyclic Indentation Testing. Metals, 12.10.3390/met12071066 ↗
31. Murakami, Y. (2002). Metal Fatigue: Effects of Small Defects and Nonmetallic Inclusions, Elsevier. [1st ed.].
32. Investigation of the anisotropic fatigue behavior of additively manufactured structures made of AISI 316L with short-time procedures PhyBaLLIT and PhyBaLCHT10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.03.022 ↗
33. Tailoring the Hardening Behavior of 18CrNiMo7-6 via Cu Alloying10.1002/srin.201500129 ↗