Influence of Tool Dimension and Welding Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction-Stir-Welded 6061-T651 Aluminum Alloy
Source abstract
Abstract
Six-millimeter-thick 6061Al-T651 plates were friction stir welded with varied welding parameters and tool dimensions. The low hardness zones (LHZs), determined by constructing the hardness distribution maps around the heat-affected zones, changed the location and inclination with the welding conditions, but the hardness values of the LHZs were mainly dependent on the welding speed. The thermal cycles experienced by the LHZs had approximately the same peak temperature of 360 °C to 370 °C with varied durations that were governed by the welding speed. The microstructure of the LHZs was characterized by a low density of β′ precipitates, which tended to reduce with increasing the welding speed. The fracture of the welds occurred along the LHZs, and the tensile strength of the welds increased with increasing the welding speed and was independent of the tool dimension and the rotation rate. A heat source zone-isothermal dissolution layer model was proposed to explain the observed effects.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis · Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties · Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (33)
Show source-provided references
1. R.S. Mishra, Z.Y. Ma: Mater. Sci. Eng. R, 2005, vol. 50, pp. 1–7810.1016/j.mser.2005.07.001 ↗
2. G. Liu, L.E. Murr, C.S. Niou, J.C. McClure, F.R. Vega: Scripta Mater., 1997, vol. 37, pp. 355–6110.1016/S1359-6462(97)00093-6 ↗
3. S. Lim, S. Kim, C.G. Lee, S. Kim: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2004, vol. 35A, pp. 2837–4310.1007/s11661-004-0231-4 ↗
4. Y.S. Sato, H. Kokawa, M. Enmoto, S. Jogan: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1999, vol. 30A, pp. 2429–3710.1007/s11661-999-0251-1 ↗
5. Y.S. Sato, H. Kokawa, M. Enmoto, S. Jogan, T. Hashimoto: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1999, vol. 30A, pp. 3125–3010.1007/s11661-999-0223-5 ↗
6. Y.S. Sato, H. Kokawa, M. Enmoto, S. Jogan, T. Hashimoto: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2001, vol. 32A, pp. 941–4810.1007/s11661-001-0351-z ↗
7. S.R. Ren, Z.Y. Ma, L.Q. Chen: Scripta Mater., 2007, vol. 56, pp. 69–7210.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.08.054 ↗
8. M. Boz, A. Kurt: T. Mater. Design, 2004, vol. 26, pp. 343–4710.1016/j.matdes.2003.11.005 ↗
9. P. Cavaliere, G. Campanile, F. Panella, A. Squillace: J. Mater. Process. Tech., 2006, vol. 5, pp. 263–7010.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.06.015 ↗
10. H. Fujii, L. Cui, M. Maeda, K. Nogi: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, vol. A419, pp. 25–3110.1016/j.msea.2005.11.045 ↗
11. A. Scialpi, L.A.C. De Filippis, P. Cavaliere: Mater. Des., 2007, vol. 28, pp. 1124–2910.1016/j.matdes.2006.01.031 ↗
12. M. Jariyaboon, A.J. Davenport, R. Ambat, B.J. Connolly, S.W. Williams, D.A. Price: Corr. Sci., 2007, vol. 49, pp. 877–90910.1016/j.corsci.2006.05.038 ↗
13. S. Wei, C.Y. Hao, J.C. Chen: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2007, vols. A452–A453, pp. 170–7710.1016/j.msea.2006.10.081 ↗
14. W.B. Lee, Y.M. Yeon, S.B. Jung: Mater. Trans., 2004, vol. 45, pp. 1700–0510.2320/matertrans.45.1700 ↗
15. S. Lim, S. Kim, C. Lee, C.G. Lee, S. Kim: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2004, vol. 35A, pp. 2829–3510.1007/s11661-004-0230-5 ↗
16. M.W. Mahoney, C.G. Rhodes, J.G. Flintoff, R.A. Spurling, W.H. Bingle: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1998, vol. 29A, pp. 1955–6410.1007/s11661-998-0021-5 ↗
17. W. Tang, X. Guo, J.C. McClure, L.E. Murr: J. Mater. Process. Manufact. Sci., 1998, vol. 7, pp. 163–7210.1106/55TF-PF2G-JBH2-1Q2B ↗
18. Y.J. Kwon, N. Saito, I. Shigematsu: J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 2002, vol. 21, pp. 1473–7610.1023/A:1020067609451 ↗
19. Y.S. Sato, M. Urata, H. Kokawa: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2002, vol. 33A, pp. 625–3510.1007/s11661-002-0124-3 ↗
20. O. Frigaad, O. Grong, O.T. Midling: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2001, vol. 32A, pp. 1189–20010.1007/s11661-001-0128-4 ↗
21. T. Hashimoto, S. Jyogan, K. Nakata, Y.G. Kim, and M. Ushio: Proc. 1st Int. Symp. on Friction Stir Welding, Thousand Oaks, CA, June 14–16, 1999
22. C.M. Chen, R. Kovacevic: Int. J. Mach. Tool. Manu., 2003, vol. 44, pp. 1205–1410.1016/j.ijmachtools.2004.03.011 ↗
23. K. Ohori: J. Jpn Inst. Light Met., 1988, vol. 38, pp. 748–6310.2464/jilm.38.748 ↗
24. C.E. Cross and G.R. Edwards: in Treatise on Materials Science and Technology, vol. 31, Aluminum Alloys–Contemporary Research and Applications, A.K. Vasudevam and R.D. Doherty, eds., Academic Press, New York, NY, 1989, pp. 53–54
25. N. Maruyama, R. Uemori, N. Hashimoto, M. Saga, M. Kikuchi: Scripta Mater., 1997, vol. 36, pp. 89–9310.1016/S1359-6462(96)00358-2 ↗
26. S. Ceresara, E. Dirusso, P. Fiorini, A. Giarda: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1970, vol. 5, pp. 220–2710.1016/0025-5416(70)90084-4 ↗
27. M.H. Jacobs: Phil. Mag., 1972, vol. 26, pp. 1–1310.1080/14786437208221015 ↗
28. I. Dutta, S.M. Allen: J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1991, vol. 10, pp. 323–2610.1007/BF00719697 ↗
29. M. Peel, A. Steuwer, M. Preuss, P.J. Withers: Acta Mater., 2003, vol. 51, pp. 4791–480110.1016/S1359-6454(03)00319-7 ↗
30. K. Matsuda, S. Ikeno, S. Tada: J. Jpn. Inst. Metall., 1993, vol. 57, pp. 1107–1310.2320/jinstmet1952.57.10_1107 ↗
31. K. Matsuda, S. Ikeno, T. Sato, A. Kamio: Scripta Mater., 1996, vol. 34, pp. 1797–180210.1016/1359-6462(96)00057-7 ↗
32. K. Matsuda, H. Gamada, K. Fujii, T. Yoshida, T. Sato, A. Kamio, S. Ikeno: J. Jpn. Inst. Light Metall., 1997, vol. 47, pp. 493–9910.2464/jilm.47.493 ↗
33. K. Matsuda, T. Yoshida, H. Gamada, K. Fujii, Y. Uetani, T. Sato, A. Kamio, S. Ikeno: J. Jpn. Inst. Metall., 1998, vol. 62, pp. 133–3910.2320/jinstmet1952.62.2_133 ↗