An analysis of the relationship between grain size, solute content, and the potency and number density of nucleant particles
Source abstract
Abstract
To be able to determine the grain size obtained from the addition of a grain refining master alloy, the relationship between grain size (d), solute content (defined by the growth restriction factor Q), and the potency and number density of nucleant particles needs to be understood. A study was undertaken on aluminium alloys where additions of TiB and Ti were made to eight wrought aluminum alloys covering a range of alloying elements and compositions. It was found from analysis of the data that d = a/3√ pct Tib + b/Q. From consideration of the experimental data and from further analysis of previously published data, it is shown that the coefficients a and b relate to characteristics of the nucleant particles added by a grain refiner. The term a is related to the maximum density of active TiB nucleant particles within the melt, while b is related to their potency. By using the analysis methodology presented in this article, the performance characteristics of different master alloys were defined and the effects of Zr and Si on the poisoning of grain refinement were illustrated.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties · Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties · Bauxite Residue and Utilization
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (38)
Show source-provided references
1. D.G. McCartney: Int. Mater. Rev., 1989, vol. 34, pp. 247–60.10.1179/imr.1989.34.1.247 ↗
2. M.A. Easton and D.H. StJohn: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1999, vol. 30A, pp. 1613–23.10.1007/s11661-999-0098-5 ↗
3. M.A. Easton and D.H. StJohn: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1999, vol. 30A, pp. 1625–33.10.1007/s11661-999-0099-4 ↗
4. M.A. Easton and D.H. StJohn: Light Metals 2001, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2001, pp. 927–34.
5. G. Chai, L. Bäckerud, and L. Arnberg: Mater. Sci. Technol., 1995, vol. 11, pp. 1099–1103.10.1179/mst.1995.11.11.1099 ↗
6. M. Johnsson: Z. Metallkd., 1994, vol. 85, pp. 781–85.
7. M.A. Easton and D.H. StJohn: Acta Mater., 2001, vol. 49 (10), pp. 1867–78.10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00368-2 ↗
8. P. Desnain, Y. Fautrelle, J.-L. Meyer, J.-P. Riquet, and F. Durand: Acta Mater. Metall., 1990, vol. 38 (8), pp. 1513–23.10.1016/0956-7151(90)90119-2 ↗
9. I. Maxwell and A. Hellawell: Acta Metall., 1975, vol. 23, pp. 229–37.10.1016/0001-6160(75)90188-1 ↗
10. M.A. Easton and D.H. StJohn: Mater. Sci. Technol., 2000, vol. 16 (9), pp. 993–1000.10.1179/026708300101508946 ↗
11. T.E. Quested and A.L. Greer: Light Metals 2003, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2003, pp. 945–52.
12. M. Johnsson, L. Bäckerud, and G. Sigworth: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1993, vol. 24A, pp. 481–91.10.1007/BF02657335 ↗
13. A.E. Karantzalis and A.R. Kennedy: Mater. Sci. Technol., 1998, vol. 14 (11), pp. 1092–96.10.1179/026708398790708790 ↗
14. M. Guzowski, G. Sigworth, and D. Sentner: Metall. Trans. A, 1987, vol. 18A, pp. 603–19.10.1007/BF02649476 ↗
15. A. Cibula: J. Inst. Met., 1951–52, vol. 80, pp. 1–16.
16. G. Sigworth: Scripta Mater., 1996, vol. 34 (6), pp. 919–22.10.1016/1359-6462(95)00615-X ↗
17. P. Schumacher, A.L. Greer, J. Worth, P.V. Evans, M.A. Kearns, P. Fisher, and A.H. Green: Mater. Sci. Technol., 1998, vol. 14 (5), pp. 394–404.10.1179/mst.1998.14.5.394 ↗
18. P. Mohanty and J. Gruzleski: Acta Metall. Mater., 1995, vol. 43, pp. 2001–12.10.1016/0956-7151(94)00405-7 ↗
19. Y.C. Lee, A.K. Dahle, D.H. StJohn, and J.E.C. Hutt: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1999, vol. 259, pp. 43–51.10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00884-3 ↗
20. A.L. Greer, A.M. Bunn, A. Tronche, P.V. Evans, and D.J. Bristow: Acta Mater., 2000, vol. 48, pp. 2823–35.10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00094-X ↗
21. L. Bäckerud, E. Krol, and J. Tamminen: in Solidification Characteristics of Aluminium Alloys, L. Bäckerud, ed., Skanaluminium, Universitetsforlaget AS, Oslo, Norway, 1986, vol. 1, pp. 63–74.
22. L. Arnberg, L. Bäckerud, and H. Klang: Met. Technol., 1982, vol. 9, pp. 7–13.10.1179/030716982803286368 ↗
23. P. Tøndel: Grain Refinement of Hypoeutectic Al-Si Alloys, The University of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway, 1994.
24. A. Abdel-Hamid: Z. Metallkd., 1989, vol. 80, pp. 566–69.
25. W. Kurz and D. Fisher: Fundamentals of Solidification, 4th ed., Trans Tech Publications, Aedermannsdorf, Switzerland, 1998.
26. I. Maxwell and A. Hellawell: Acta Metall., 1975, vol. 23, pp. 895–99.10.1016/0001-6160(75)90001-2 ↗
27. M. Kearns, S. Thistlewaite, and P. Cooper: Light Metals 1996, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1996, pp. 713–20.
28. W. Schneider and P. Cooper: 8th Aus. Aluminium Casthouse Technology Conf., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2003, pp. 182–87.
29. M. Abdel-Reihim, N. Hess, W. Reif, and M. Birch: J. Mater. Sci., 1987, vol. 22, pp. 213–18.10.1007/BF01160574 ↗
30. J. Spittle J. Keeble, and M. Al Meshhedani: Light Metals 1997, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1997, pp. 795–800.
31. J. Hutt, M. Easton, L. Hogan, and D. StJohn: Solidification Processing 1997, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, 1997, pp. 268–72.
32. B.J. McKay and P. Schumacher: in Solidification of Aluminum Alloys, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2004, pp. 157–66.
33. A.M. Bunn, P. Schumacher, M.A. Kearns, C.B. Boothroyd, and A.L. Greer: Mater. Sci. Technol., 1999, vol. 15, pp. 1115–23.10.1179/026708399101505158 ↗
34. M. Johnsson: Z. Metallkd., 1994, vol. 85, pp. 786–89.
35. M. Kearns and P. Cooper: Mater. Sci. Technol., 1997, vol. 13, pp. 650–54.10.1179/mst.1997.13.8.650 ↗
36. J. Spittle and S. Sadli: Cast Met., 1995, vol. 7, pp. 247–53.10.1080/09534962.1995.11819185 ↗
37. Y.C. Lee, A.K. Dahle, and D.H. StJohn: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2000, vol. 31A, pp. 2895–2906.10.1007/BF02830349 ↗
38. M. Johnsson and L. Bäckerud: Z. Metallkd., 1996, vol. 87 (3), pp. 216–20.