Nano-shields: Exploring the role of antioxidant mimicking nanoparticles as regenerative therapy in spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury presents a significant clinical challenge. There are limited treatment options, and the results of regeneration are often disappointing. Secondary injury processes, including oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, worsen nerve damage and slow recovery. New nanomaterials, particularly antioxidant-mimicking nanoparticles known as nanozymes, offer a promising way to improve the injury microenvironment and aid nerve regeneration. These nanozymes mimic natural enzyme activity by scavenging reactive oxygen species and reducing inflammation. Materials like cerium oxide, gold, and platinum-based nanoparticles show strong catalytic and antioxidant abilities. Their effectiveness is influenced by factors like pH, redox state, and levels of hydrogen peroxide or glutathione. Their stability, adaptability, and ability to be produced on a large scale make them promising options in regenerative medicine and drug development. In this special issue, we offer an overview of the development, functions, and healing potential of nanozyme-based systems for spinal cord injury. We highlight their potential as next-generation materials for nerve repair.