Application of response surface methodology for optimization of cadmium removal by Aloe Vera/carboxylated carbon nanotubes nanocomposite-based low-cost adsorbent

In this research, Aloe Vera leaf powder (OAMP) was modified with carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-COOH) and the prepared nanocomposite was used as a novel low cost adsorbent for the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. The prepared OAMP/CNTs-COOH nanocomposite was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The influence of operation parameters such as initial concentration of adsorbate, adsorbent dosage, contact time and pH of the cadmium solution on the cadmium adsorption process was studied by response surface methodology (RSM) optimization. The solid phase extraction (SPE) using OAMP/CNTs-COOH based-adsorbent was performed for the pre-concentration and matrix separation and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detector was used for measurement of cadmium ions concentration. The empirical adsorption data were fitted by Langmuir isotherm model. The value of maximum adsorption capacity was 46.95 mg g ^−1 , indicating high efficiency of OAMP/CNTs-COOH nanocomposite in the adsorption process of Cd(II). The kinetic of the Cd(II) adsorption process was followed by Elovich kinetic model. The reported thermodynamic parameters designated that the adsorption of Cd(II) on the OAMP/CNTs-COOH was an endothermic and spontaneous process. The results revealed that OAMP/CNTs-COOH demonstrate enhanced adsorption performance in comparison with non-treated Aloe Vera.