Cr3+ modified LiMn2O4 spinel intercalation cathodes through oxalic acid assisted sol–gel method for lithium rechargeable batteries

To improve the cycle performance of eco-friendly and cost-effective spinel LiMn{sub 2}O{sub 4} as the cathode of 4 V class Li secondary batteries, the spinel phase LiCr{sub x}Mn{sub 2-x}O{sub 4} (x = 0.01-0.20) was synthesized by soft chemistry method using oxalic acid as chelating agent. The present technique results in better homogeneity, good surface morphology, shorter heat treatment time, sub-micron sized particles, good agglomeration and better crystallinity. Electrochemical studies were monitored in the potential range of 3-4.5 V. The present paper reveals that chromium substituted manganese spinel improves the structural stability of the parent material.