Enhancement of the magnetic properties of Ni–Cu–Zn ferrites with the substitution of a small fraction of lanthanum for iron

Abstract The effect of lanthanum ion substitution for iron on the structural and magnetic properties of Ni–Cu–Zn ferrite is reported. The (Ni 0.25 Cu 0.20 Zn 0.55 )La x Fe 2− x O 4 ferrite compositions with x = 0.0, 0.025, 0.050 and 0.075, were synthesized by nitrate–citrate auto-combustion route. Rietveld structure refinement was carried out to evaluate; La solubility in spinel, residual stress in sintered core, quantity of secondary LaFeO 3 phase formed and change in lattice parameters, etc. Density, crystallite size, grain size, residual macrostress and initial permeability were directly affected by the substitution. A significant increase in initial permeability was achieved by a small fraction of La substitution. The La solubility in the Ni–Cu–Zn ferrite lattice was found very low (∼0.1 atom/unit cell). Co-relations between magnetic properties and measured physical/structural properties were discussed.