A soft chemical route to the synthesis of BiFeO 3 nanoparticles with enhanced magnetization

Abstract Utilization of BiFeO 3 (BFO) into modern device applications is restricted by its very low magnetic moments and high leakage current. Enhancement in magnetization is a real challenge for multiferroic BFO in the context of device miniaturization and high density information storage system. In this study a significant improvement in magnetization has been recorded for BFO nanoparticles, exploiting the beneficial effect of size confinement. BFO nanoparticles with different size in the range of 21–68 nm are synthesized via modified Pechini sol–gel approach followed by leaching with acetic acid. X-ray diffraction result confirms pure and well crystallized BFO annealed at temperature lower than 600 °C, compared to more than 800 °C for the traditional solid-state sintering process. A strong size-dependent magnetization which increases with decreasing particle size is confirmed with a value of 1.4 emu/g for 40 nm particles in contrast to 7.5 emu/g for 21 nm particles.